166 
ORDER QUADRUMANA.— GENUS CYNOCEPHALUS. 
1. CYNOCEPHALUS SPHINX GUINEA BABOON. 
jSyn. Le Papion — C uv. Reg. Anim. I. 97. 
Papio SpfTiNX.-^GeofF. Ann. Mus. XIX. 
SiMiA Sphinx Linn. Gmel. I. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
CVNOOEPHALUS Papjo. — D esm. Mani. 
Icon. Le Papion. — Le Papion, var. A. — Audeb. Sing. 
Le Papion male, Papion femelle tres jeune. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. 
Mam. 
SiMiA CynOCEphai.us Brongn.* •* in Journ. d’Hist. Nat. 1. pi. 21. 
Le Papion. — Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 13. 
SPECIPIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair yellow, tending more or less towards brown, the cheek-tufts 
yellow. 
Th.: Face black. The Tail long.^ 
Inhabits Africa. 
Specimens of this animal vary in size, probably owing to some 
difference in their ages. The adult is ferocious, and of brutal man- 
ners. 
The face, the ears, and the palms of all the hands, are entirely black ; 
the upper eyelids white. Its general colour is a yellowish-brown, result- 
ing from hairs covered alternately with small rings of black and clear 
brownish-yellow, so that the animal, when viewed very closely, appears 
speckled with these colours. The cheek-tufts are yellowish, and directed 
backwards. The hair on the back of the neck is longer than on any other 
part of the body ; the inner surfaces of the legs and thighs are scantily 
covered, as well as the lower part of the belly, beneath the neck, and on 
the breast j the bases of the hairs are usually grey. Tlie females and 
young do not differ from the adults in colour, but much so in form. They 
are not so robust, and their muzzles are much less elongated. 
This species may at once be distinguished from the following, by the 
cartilage of its nostrils projecting forwards beyond the other parts of the 
muzzle. It is found on the coast of Guinea, also in the Island of Meroe, 
and rarely in Senaar, according to Calliaud. 
2. CYNOCEPHALUS B ABOUIN.—LITTLE BABOON. 
Syn. Le Babouin — C uv. Reg. Anim. I. 97. 
Papio CVNOCephaLds Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 
SiMiA CYNOCEPHALOS Linn. Gmel. 1. — (S. cynoeephala). — Fisch. Syn. 
Mam. 
CYNOCEPHALUS BABOUIN. — Desm. Mam. — C. ANTIQUOBUM. — Schinz, 
Thierr. I. 
Icon. Babouin male. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. — F. Cuv. in Mem. du 
Mus. pi. 19. 
Le Petit Papion Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 14. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair greenish-yellow above, clear yellow beneath, cheek-tufts 
whitish. 
Thb Face flesh-coloured. The Tail medium length. 
Inhabits Northern Africa. 
Tliii species is nearly allied to the preceding. 
It occupied an important place in the Theogony of the ancient jEgyp- 
tians, and was worshipped at Herraopolis, where a celebrated temple stood 
in its honour. It is probably this species, which appears represented so 
frequently among the hieroglyphics of that singular people. The upper 
parts of the body are of a pretty uniform greenish-yellow, and this re- 
sults from hairs covered with large yellow rings alternating with small 
black ones, so that the former predominate, and the greenish tint ensues. 
.All the lower parts of the body are of a paler yellow than the upper, and 
the tufts of hair on each side of the face are whitish. The young are of 
the same general colour as the adults, but beneath they are of a dirty 
white. Their muzzle is not so prominent, and the colour of the thighs, 
instead of being red, is deep brown. The nostrils of the adult, placed 
at the extremity of the muzzle, are separated above by a very well-mark- 
ed groove, and the lateral cartilages do not advance us far forward as the 
central. The tail, elevated at its origin, soon hangs downwards, and ter- 
minates at the ham, or hinder part of the knee. The face is of a bright 
flesh colour, rather paler around the eyes. 
Var. Anubls — Anubis Baboon. 
Syn. SlJUA Anubis. — F isch. Syn. Mam. 
Icon. Anubis.— F. Cuv. ct Geoff. Hist. Mara. 
The Anubis Baboon differs from the Little Baboon already described 
in being of a deeper green, its muzzle more elongated, and the cranium 
flatter. 
3. CYNOCEPHALUS PORCARIUS.— CHACMA BABOON. 
Syn.^ Le Papion noir Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 97. 
Papio pohcarius. — Geoff Ann. Miis. XIX. 
SiMiA porcabia Linn. Gmel. 1. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
S1.MIA SPHINGIOLA Herm.s- Oils. Zool. L p. 2 — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
CYNOCEPHALUS PORCARIUS — Desm. Mam. 
Ursine B.aboon. — Penn. Quadr. I. No. 104. 
Icon. Le Papion var. B. — Audeb. Sing, (incorrect). 
Chacma male tres vieux Tete d’un tres jeune individu. — F. Cuv. et 
Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Simia porcaria. — Bodd.S Abhandl. in Naturf. XXI 1. pi. 1 and 2. 
Long-NOSeu Monkey Penn. Quadr. L No. 111. 
La Guenon a iace along£e. — Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. VII. pi. 15. 
Singe noir. — Le Vaill. Voy. 11. 
sPECinc characters. 
The Hair black, with a yellowish or greenish tinge ; the cheek-tufts 
grey. 
The Face and Hands black. The Tail very long, with a tuft at the 
end. 
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. 
This species resembles the preceding in form and manners. The 
adult has a long mane, and the tail, which terminates in a tuft, ex- 
tends as low as the heel. 
Several animals of this species, called Choak-kama or Chacma by the 
Hottentots, were preserved for a long time in the Paris Menagerie. An 
incident occurred with a male specimen, brought by Captain Baudinfrom 
the Cape of Good Hope along with its female, serving forcibly to illus- 
trate the peculiar disposition of these animals. 'I hough rather mild 
when first imported, it soon lost its docility. Having one day escaped 
from its cage, the keeper imprudently threatened it with a stick; in an 
instant the animal flew upon him, and inflicted three deep wounds upon 
his thigh with its strong canine teeth, whicli penetrated asfar as the femur, 
so that the life of the man was fur a long time rendered precarious. To 
induce the animal to return to its cage, the following stratagem was 
adopted. The keeper had a daughter, who often fed the Baboon, and 
for whom it had at all times exhibited a powerful attachment. Siie placed 
herself at the side of the cage, opposite to the door at which the animal 
was to enter, and a man was made to approach the young woman as 
if he were about to caress her. The moment the Baboon perceived this 
movement, it raised a frightful cry, and throwing itself in the iury of its 
jealousy upon the individual, rushed into the cage, which was instantly 
closed from behind. 
The greenish-black hue of its coat proceeds from hairs which are grey 
at the base, and otherwise black, excepting some rings of yellow more or 
less dingy. The face, ears, and the palms of the hands, are naked, and 
few hairs are to he seen on the internal surfaces of the arms and thighs. 
The fingers, especially of the hinder liands, arc covered with short, 
coarse, and black hairs j the tail terminates in a strong black tuft ; and 
the neck is furnished with long hairs, forming a mane, which is wanting 
in the female. The skin of the hands, face, and ears, is of a violet-black; 
but the circle lound the eyes has a paler tint, and the upper eyelid is 
white as in the Mangabey Guenon. The nostrils are separated above 
by a deep furrow, the upper and anterior portion of the head is wholly 
flat, and the callosities are very small. 
4. CYNOCEPHALUS II AMADRYAS.— DOG-FACED BABOON. 
Syn. Le Tartarin he Belon.® — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 98. 
PaitO Ha.maoryas. — Geoff. Ami. Mus. XIX. 
Simia Hamaoryas. — Linn. Gmel. I. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
CYNOCEenALUs Hamadryas. — Desm. Mam. 
Icon. Tartarin male.-Tartarin femelle jeune.-F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Man>< 
Cyn. Hamadryas, male, female, and young. — Ebrenb. Symb. pb 1 !• 
Dog-eacei) Monkey Penn. Quadr. 1. pi. 43, fig. L 
Singe de Moco.? — Buff. Suppl. VII. pi. 10. 
* Brongniart’s Paper on Simia Cynocephalus, in the JouaN. n’Hisx. Nat. (Journal d’Histoire Naturelle, par MM. Lamarck, Bruguiercs, Olivier, Haiiy, et Lepelleticr, 
Paris, 1792 ). _ 1 jjje 
^ Those figures which represent the tail short, as in Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi, 13 and 14, are made after mutilated specimens. ]\I. Brongniart has rep.esen e 
former with some precision, but under the improper name of Simia Cynocephalus. His figure is copied in Sehreber, pi. 13 B . — Note of the Baron Cuti'cr. 
3 All these fictitious species have arisen from the greater or less state of pioservation of the specimens, or differences of age.— Nofe of the Baron Cuvier. 
•* J. Herrmanni Observationes ifuologicaj, Edidit F. Hammer, Argent. 1804. 
5 Boddaert Abhandlung liber den Affen mit dem Schweinskopfo (Dor Naturforscher, Halle, 1774 to 1804). 
6 See fob 101 of L’Histoire de la Natuie des Oiseaux, avec leurs Descriptions, &c., par P. de Belon du Mans. Paris, 1555. 
t This has been copied in Schreber, but the colouring is faulty . — Note of the Baron Cuvier. 
