THE BABOONS. 
1G7 
SPECIFIC CHABACTEES. 
THE MALE. 
The Hair of a blueisb-grey, very long on the neck and cheeks, form- 
ing a mane. 
The Tail long and tufted. 
THE female and YOUNG. 
The Hair of a dark greenish-grey. No mane. The Face flesh-co- 
loured. 
Inhabits Arabia, Persia, and Ethiopia. 
This animal is likewise exceedingly brutal and ferocious. 
The blueish-grey colour of its fur has a slight tinge of green, resulting 
from rings which are alternately black and yellowish-grey. The hinder 
parts of the body are [laler than the anterior, the fore-limbs almost black, 
the check-tufts and abdomen whitish. The face, ears, and hands, are of 
a deep-brown, the buttocks red, as in all the adult Baboons. A well- 
marked groove separates the nostrils above. The hair of the mane is 
about six or seven inches in length, commencing from the neck, and cover- 
ing all the anterior parts of the body. The abdomen and inner surface 
of the thighs are scantily covered, and the tail terminates in a small tuft. 
The female differs from the male in having no mane, and her hair is 
of a dark greenish -grey. The young males resemble the adult females. 
M. Ehrcnberg saw several wild individuals of this species in Arabia. 
They live together in small families.' 
(B.) M.-tNORiLLs. (Les Mandrills, Cuv.) 
Of all Apes, the Mandrills have the longest muzzle (about 
30°) ; their tail is very short ; they are likewise very brutal and fe- 
rocious. The nose does not differ from that in the preceding sec- 
tion. 
In this section, two species alone are now admitted by Naturalists. 
5. CYNOCEPIIALUS MORMON.— VARIEGATED BABOON. 
Syn. Le Mandril! Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 98. 
Pafio Mormon Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 
SiMiA Mormon et Maimon — Linn. Gmel. 1. — (S. Maimon.) — Fisch. 
Syn. Mam. 
CvNOCErnALtis Mormon. — Desm. Mam. 
Icon. Le Mandrill. — Audeb. Sing. — Menag. du Mus. 
Mandrill male vieiis. — Mandrill male jeune. — F. Cuv. ct Geoff. Hist. 
Mam. 
Le Mandrill, Boggo, Choras — Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 16, 17. — 
Suppl. VI 1. pi. 9. 
Great Baboon. — Penn. Quadr. I. pi. 4.0 and 41. — Ribbed-nose Ba- 
boon (young). 
Variegated Baboon. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. pi. 10. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
THE MALE. 
The Hair greyish-brown, olive-brown above, white beneath, a citron 
yellow tuft under the chin. 
The Cheeks with bright purple stripes. The Buttocks bright purple. 
The Nose bright scarlet, likewise the Callosities. 
the female and young. 
The Hair nearly the same as the male, no tuft under the chin. 
Thk Cheeks with a few small blue stripes. 
The Face otherwise black. 
Inhabits Guinea. 
In the adult males, we find the nose red, especially at tlie point, 
where it becomes scarlet, and this circumstance has very erroneously 
Occasioned the adult to beset down as a distinct species’ from the 
young. The parts of generation and the circle of the anus are of 
*l'e same colour, and the buttocks are of a bright purple, so that 
one can scarcely imagine an animal so hideous and extraordinary. 
If attains nearly the size of Man, and the Negroes of Guinea hold 
'f in much dread. Many traits of its history have been confounded 
with those of the Chimpansee, and consequently of the Orang- 
Ilutang. 
The adult Variegated Baboon (S. Mormon, Liim. and Choras, Huff.) 
presents a singular and revolting combination of characters, in which the 
peculiarities of Man are brought into close and degrading approximation to 
tliose of the brute. Its bright and yellow eyes are deeply sunk in be- 
neath a low forehead, and approximate so nearly to each other, as to im- 
part a peculiar air of ferocity to the countenance. Its muzzle is enor- 
mous, terminating in a round and flat surface of a bright scarlet, continu- 
ally moistened by a disgusting mucus. The cheeks are very prominent, 
and furrowed with longitudinal ridges of a bright blue, changing into 
violet. A narrow stripe of crimson, running along the centre of the nose, 
divides the face into two parts, giving it a wounded or lacerated appear- 
ance. Its hair is of a greyish-brown, spotted with yellowish-brown, es- 
pecially near the head j white on the breast and abdomen, as well as in- 
side the thighs, on the neck, and behind the ears. The tail being very 
short, is continually erect, disclosing the brilliant hues of red aud blue al- 
ready noticed. Its limbs are exceedingly muscular, and its strength is 
much superior to that of Man. 
The liair owes its colour to alternate rings of black and yellow, form- 
ing by their combination a greenish-brown, common to many Apes, but 
of a darker hue in the Variegated Baboon than in any others. A while 
band commences from each ear, and passing upwards is interrupted at 
the vertex. The skin round the eyes is of a violet-brown. The hairs 
on each side of the head, being very long, unite together on the sum- 
mit, forming a kind of crest, the centre of wliich is sometimes elevated 
into a pointed tuft. 
The colours of Mammifetous animals are in general dull and tarnished. 
Nature having sparingly bestowed upon them those vivid hues, which she 
has so liberally distributed among the feathered tribes. By a singular 
exception, however, the Mandrills, when arrived at mature age, exhibit 
such dazzling combinations of red and blue, as may vie with the colours 
of the brightest birds. These brilliant reflections do not proceed from 
the hairs, but from the skin itself ; yet they are not inherent in its sub- 
stance, but depend upon the vital energy of the animal. Before the adult 
period of life, they are scarcely seen, and they become dull aiid tarnished 
whenever the auimal is indisposed. 
The young Variegated Baboon (S. Maimon, Linn.), before the appear- 
ance of its canine teeth, has a broad and short head, with the body ra- 
ther thick ; the face is black, with only the sides of each jaw blue and 
furrowed, while the thighs present no particular colour. As soon as the 
canines begin to appear, the body aud limbs become longer, wliile the 
physiognomy gradually acquires the characters of the adult. 
The females always remain of smaller size than the males, and their 
skin does not acquire any bright or vivid colours, while the nose never 
becomes entirely red. At the rutting period, which occurs eveiy month, 
the vulva is surrounded by a monstrous protuberance, resulting from the 
accumulation of blood in those parts, and generally assuming a spherical 
form. When tlie rutting period is over, this spherical protuberance gra- 
dually diminishes, but rea[)pears in about twenty-five or thirty days. 
It is singular that no animals, excepting the Baboons, distinguish wo- 
men in a crowd from the other sex ; at the same time, no species gives 
more striking marks of this singular partiality than the Variegated Baboon. 
It marks out the youngest ladies, however disguised by the fashion of the 
day, invites them by voice and gesture, and there can be little doubt that 
if unconfined, the danger of the fair ones would be very imminent. May 
not these have been the Satyrs of antiquity? George and Frederic 
Cuvier are of opinion that they were wholly unknown to the ancients. 
Originally from Africa, and especially from the regions near the Gulf 
of Guinea, they dp not appear to have extended as far south as the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
Camper and Vicq-d’Azyr have described the membraneous sac, which 
communicates with the larynx, and serves to render their voice hoarse. 
They emit a kind of growl, which may be expressed by the syllables aoo- 
a’oo. 
6. CYNOCEPHALUS LEUCOPH-EUS.— DRILL BABOON. 
Syn. Le Drill Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 99. 
SiMiA i.EUCOPiiaSA. — F. Cuv. in Ann. Mus. IX Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Cynocefhalus LEUCOPHiEUS — Desm. Mam. 
Jeon. Drill male, Drill trra vieux. Drill tres jeune, Drill femelle. — F. Cuv. et 
Geoff. Hist. Mam. — Ann. Mus. IX. pi. 37 (young). 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
THE MALE. 
The Hair yellowish-grey ; white beneath, and on the side of the 
head. 
. , ’ To this place the Baron Cuvier has referred his Simia nigra in the following words i — “ We must distinguish from the other Cynoeephuli, a species entirely black and 
' Bout any tail (S. nigra, Cuv,), hut the head of which resembles the others.'* The last portion of this sentence does not appear to have been stated with M. Cuvier’s 
I* d nostrils are not terminal. We have accordingly followed Bennett in considering this animal as a true Macacus (see Macaous niger already described). 
*' • Geoffrny forms this animal into a third section, under the name of Cynopitheques, Cynocephales-Magots, or Tailless Baboons, analogous to the Magots or Tailless 
‘"acacos of the preceding genus. 
Th ourselves seen, along with M. Geoffrey, two or three Mandrills, or S. maimon, change into Choras, or S. mormon, in the Menagerie of the Museum. 
6 tuft of hair which is added to the characters of the Mormon is often found also in the Maimon , — Note of the Baron Cuvier. 
