168 
ORDER QUADRUMANA. 
The Face Flack. The Un'dee-jaw bright red. 
The Tail very short and slender ; bright red near the base. 
THE FEMALE AND TOCNG. 
The Haie greenish-grey above; white beneath, on the lower jaw, and 
on the side of the head; cheek-tufts brownish. The Face black. 
The Tail very short and slender, greyish-white. 
Inhabits Africa. 
Tliis animal was first described by M. Fred. Cuvier, who has given us 
a very complete account of the species in all the different stages of its 
growtli. It bears many points of resemblance to the Variegated Baboon 
already described, and seems to share the same propensities. The upper 
parts of the body are, however, of a deeper green, and there is more white 
on the other parts. It wants the deep blue stripes upon the face, as well 
as the scarlet and violet-blue colouring of the buttocks. 
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
1. The Ceested Baboon (Simla cristata of Fisch.), from Africa, is 
described by Pennant (Quadr. No. 101) from a faded specimen in the 
Leverian Museum. Shaw (Zool. I. p. 26) copies Pennant’s description, 
but erroneously assigns it to India. 
2. The Long-nosed Monkey (Penn. Quadr. No. Ill), the Guenon 
a museau alongg of Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. VII., and the Simia nasuta 
of Shaw, is probably identical with the Chacma Baboon already described. 
Also, the Prude Monkey of Penn. Quadr. No. 111. 
3. The Wood Baboon, Cinereous Baboon, and Yellow Baboon 
(Penn. Quadr. Nos. 95, 96, and 97), are identical either with Cynoce- 
phalus mormon, or C. leucophseus. As to which of these should claim 
the preference, it is impossible to decide, for the bright colours of the 
Mandrills fade after death, and Pennant’s descriptions are merely derived 
from skins belonging to the Leverian Museum. 
imaginary species. 
1. Le Babol’in crevelu (Papio comatus), Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. is 
identical with Cynocephalus porcarius. 
To these we shall add, 
2 . The Little Baboon of Pennant, Simia Apkdia (Linn. Gmel. I. 28), 
which is probably the young of some species of Macacus. 
ADDITION TO 
GENUS I. PITHECUS.— MEN-OF-THE-WOODS. 
(See pages 147 — 149.) 
Before concluding the Natural History of the Apes of the Old Conti- 
nent, it will be necessary briefly to notice the important acquisition made 
to Zoological science by the recent discovery of the adult Orang-Outang,' 
as we!! as the highly probable existence of two species of Pithccus in the 
Island of Sumatra. 
1. PITHECUS SATYRUS.— ORANG-OUTANG. 
THE ADULT. 
Add. Syn. Orang de Worms — Geoff. Cours. dTIist. Nat, 1“ 105 . .31. 
Icon. Tenira. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 41 (old male). — PI. 42 (old female). — 
PI. 43 (views of the head). — PI. 44 (young). — PI. 45 and 46 
(skeleton). 
specific characters. 
THE ADULT MALE AND FEMALE. 
The Muzzle very prominent ; a large protuberance on each cheek, in 
the male only. The Forehead much depressed. 
The Pectoral Limbs very long, reaching as low as the ancles. 
The External Ear, Eyes, Mouth, and Nose, small. 
The Hands narrow, the Fingers long; the Thumbs of the hinder- 
hands most commonly without nails. 
The Tail, Cheek-pooches, and Callosities, all wanting. 
The Hair long and scanty, of a deep chestnut brown ; a long and 
pointed beard, yellowish-red, in the male only ; the eyelashes wanting. 
THE YOUNG. 
The Muzzle prominent ; no protuberance on the cheeks. The Fore- 
head elevated. The Hair of the same colour as the adult ; no beard ; 
otherwise resembling the adult 
Inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. 
Tlie adult Orang-Outang, which is now ascertained to be identical with 
the Pongo of the Baron Van Wurrab, is the largest of all known quadru- 
manous animals, approaching very nearly to Man in stature. An old 
male in the possession of M. Temminck is above four feet three inches 
in heiglit ; but one in the possession of the Dutch Scientific Expedition, 
est.ablished at Banjarmassing, in tlic Island of Borneo, has attained the 
extraordinary stature of five feet seven inches. The bead of the adult 
male is of singular dimensions ; the cheeks are prolonged laterally, and 
hear a very prominent swelling on each side, in the form of a crescent. 
'I'hese fleshy protuberances give a deformed appearance to liis face, while 
the excessive prolongation of the muzzle, and thickness of the lips, above 
which its very diminutive nose appears engrafted, combine in rendering 
its countenance one of the most liideous in the entire range of the Ani- 
mal Kingdom. Its protuberances are nearly six inches in length, and 
about two inches in thickness. They resemble those excrescences which 
are found in certain species of Hogs, and in all the known species of Pha- 
cochtcrus ; their texture consists of an adipose substance, hard to the 
touch, disposed in a very abundant ceUuIar tissue. Nothing is yet known 
of the functions to whicli this peculiar organization may be subservient, 
l! is only developed in the male, when very nearly adult, probably about 
the age of eight or ten years, and there is no appearance of it in the fe- 
males. 
The forehead of the adult male is almost wholly naked. The orbits 
are prominent, the eyes one-third smaller than those of Man. It has no 
eyelashes, but its diminutive eyelids are surrounded by a few stiff hairs. 
The nose is depressed, blending into the growth on the cheeks, and pro- 
jecting only at the point, on the sides of which the nostrils open. These 
are separated by a partition, extending beyond their lower margin, and 
blending into the thick upper lip ; the latter, as well as the lower lip, is 
very thick and fleshy. The lower jaw terminates in a very broad cliin, 
truncated, and projecting beyond the upper jaw; it bears in the male a 
long and pointed beard. The mouth is a horizontal cleft, very small in 
proportion to the height of the animal. All these parts are nearly desti- 
tute of hair, excepting a few scattered ones, of a yellowish-red, on the 
temporal ridges. Tlie lateral parts of the lips are supplied with a kind 
of moustachio, arising at the angles of the nose, and extending to the 
angle of the mouth. The ears are small, and formed like those of Man, 
with a fixed lobe. The hinder part of the bead is of a roundisti form : 
all the hairs with which it is covered proceed from a common centre, and 
are disposed in rays ; the vertex stretching far behind terminates in a de- 
pressed occiput. 
All parts of the trunk are heavy, massive, and destitute of elegance, 
owing to tlie extreme size of the haunches and the volume of the abdo- 
men. The breast is almost naked ; the hairs become more abundant 
along the sternum to the abdomen, where they are neither so long nor 
dense as to cover the skin, which may be perceived throngliout. The 
back as far as tlie haunches is still less hairy, but the sides of the body 
are abundantly supplied with long hairs, which fall down upon those with 
which the legs are covered. The fore-limbs are very considerably longer 
than the hinder ; they nearly touch the ground, when the animal stands 
erect ; and the fore-arm especially is of considerable lengtli. These parts are 
very hairy, but less so towards the hands and fingers, whore they are very 
short. All the hairs of the fore-arm point towards the elbow, where they 
unite with those of the humerus, and end in a point. The fingers, as we 
as the metacarpus and metatarsus, are much longer than those of 
and hence the thumb is placed at a considerable distance behind. "1 ‘'® 
hinder-thumbs are rather short, perfectly opposable to the other fingers- 
and forming, with the index of the hinder-hands, a semicircle. Tins or- 
ganization plainly indicates that the Oiang-Outang is not adapted 
walking on two feet, but that it is wholly organized for climbing trees, 
movements on the ground are constrained, either when erect or on alU ® 
four hands. 
M. Temminck has examined six individuals of different ages kdle 
the wild state, without being able to find the slightest indication of " 
upon the tliumb of the hinder feet, and the skin covering the last pba u® 
of the thumb is not even harder than in any other place. A 
specimen, which lived for several years in captivity, liad the thumb o 
right hinder- hand without a nail, but a perfect nail appeared upo" 
left. Two other skeletons, in the collection of the King of Hollau 
nails on all their thumbs, and these also died in captivity. 1 1 '® 
agitated question may therefore be fairly considered as decided, an' 
thumbs of the hinder-hands are wanting in the normal state of thu ^ 
Outang. All the other fingers are furnished with black nails, 
more carved than those of Man. The same relative lengt P 
1 Our aceonnt if the Orang-Outang was written in June 1838, and we have now (Oct. 1838) just received the 
views of the adult. 
excellent description of M. Temminck, with 
lithograph i" 
