GENUS LAGOTHRIX. 
175 
and those of America, being in fact more nearh’ allied to the former than 
to the latter. Their nostrils are rounded, very nearly approximate to 
each other, and arc rather inferior than lateral, owing to the extreme 
thinness of the i)artition of their nostrils. The nails bear more resem- 
blance to those of some Carnivorous animals, such as the Dogs, than of 
the Spider- Monkeys; they are compressed, and may' be described as formed 
of two laminae surmounted by a blunted crest. The nails on the thumbs 
of the hinder-hands are, however, an exception to this rule, being broad 
and flat as in Man. Their ears are small, and for the most part covered 
entirely with hair. 
The molar teeth of the Eriodes are generally very large and quadrangu- 
lar. Their incisive teeth, in both jaws, are arranged nearly in a straight 
line i they are very small, of equal letigth, and much less than the mo- 
lars, by which characters the dentition of the Woolly-Monkeys may he 
distinguished from that of all other Sapajoos, excepting the Howlers. 
Their hair is soft to the touch, woolly and very short. That of the 
head, still shorter than on the body and tail, is directed liackw.ards; and 
this arrangement, being opposite to tlmt of the Spider- Monkeys, gives to 
their physiognomy an aspect wholly different. 
The Woolly-Monkeys live together in troops, among the brandies of 
trees ; they leap with much agility, and greatly resemble the preceding 
or succeeding genera, in their manners, as far as the latter have been as- 
certained. 
1. ERIODES IIEMIDACTYLU-S DWARF-THUMBED 
WOOLLY-MONKEY. 
Syn. Eriodes iiEinDACTYLCs. — Isid. Geoff. 
Ateles hyi’Oxanthos. — Desra. Siam. — Less. Mam. — Kuhl, Beitr. 
Icon, Mem. BIus. XVII. pi. 22. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair yellowish fawn-colour, tending to black upon the back ; the 
tail and hands of a brighter yellow. 
Thu Fore-iiaxds pentadactylous ; the Thumb being very short, with 
a small compressed Naal. 
The Face flesh-coloured, spotted with grey. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This species was discovered by Delalande in 1816, but has always 
been confounded with the Ateles hypoxanthus of Prince Maximilian. It 
may, however, be at once distinguished from its having tlie thumb of the 
lore-band ungiiiculated, very narrow, short, and scarcely reaching to the 
oridn of the first finger, so as to be wholly useless to the animal for any 
practical purposes. Its hair is in general yellowish-fiiw'n, assuming a 
darker tint upon the hack. The liands and tail are of a purer yellow 
than tlie remainder of the body. There is a naked space at the base of 
the tail and near the anus, surrounded by hair of a ferruginous red. The 
face, which is completely naked in the neighbourhood of the eyes, ap- 
pears to be sjiotted with grey over a flesh-coloured ground. The liabits 
of this animal are unknown. 
2. ERIODES ABACHNOIDES— THUMBLESS WOOLLY- 
MONKEY. 
Syn. Le Coaita faute — Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 101. 
Ateles Arachnoides. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. VII., XIII., and XIX. 
Desm. Mam. 
Eriodes Arachnoides. — Isid. Geoff. Mto. Mus. XVII. 
SiMiA Arachnoides. — Humb. Obs. Zool, p. 3.54. 
icon. Ann. Mus. XIII. pi. 9. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair is yellowish fawn-colour above ; yellowish-white beneath ; 
reddish on the outside of tlie limbs and beneath the tail ; the eyelashes 
long and black. 
The Face flesh-coloured. — The Fore-hands tctradactylous. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This animal is easily distinguished from all other Woolly- Monkeys 
known at present, by the absence of any external appearance of a thumb 
on the fore-liands. Its hair is generally of a clear yellowish-fawn colour, 
passing into reddisli-grey upon the head, and into bright red beneath the 
tail, upon the hands, and especially near the hinder wrists or heels. 
Some specimens arc, however, sometimes found of a uniform clear yel- 
low. The hair of the cars is of a deeper chestnut tinge, tliat of the fore- 
head approaches to white, set off by a row of long, stiffi and black eye- 
lashes, with which the foreliead is bordered. Its hair has this peculiarity', 
that it gives out a fawn-coloured tint, when rough and bristled as it usually 
appears, but passes into a chestnut brown when perfectly smooth. This 
proceeds from tlie circumstance that the tips of the hair are of a fawn-co- 
jour, while their points being of a deeper brown near the head and ears, 
^ccasioii the latter tint to predominate on those parts of the body. 
We are at present ignorant of its habits and manners. It comes from 
Brazil, where it bears the name of Macaco vernello. Several specimens 
exist in the Paris Museum. 
3. ERIODES TUBERIFER TUBEROUS WOOLLY-MONKEY. 
Syn. Le Mikiri (typographical error for Miriki). — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 100. 
Eriodes TUBERIFER. — Isid. Geoff. Mem. Mus. XVI 1. 
Icon. Brachyteles maorotahsus (fem^ Spix, Sim. Vespert. Bras. pi. 27. 
Ateles hypoxanthus (male). — Pr. Max. Abbild. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair yellowish-grey ; the base of the tail and anal region yellow- 
ish-red. 
The Face flesh-coloured. 
The Fore-hands witli a rudimentary thumb, rarely bearing a Nail- 
Inhabits Brazil. 
The Tuberous Woolly- Monkey’, known to the inhabitants of Brazil by 
the names of ilibno and Miriki, is the largest Quadrumanous animal of 
South America. It inliabits the lofty primeval forests of tlie interior, 
in those desert regions overrun with wood, whicli are seldom visited by 
Man. 
This animal may be easily distinguished from the preceding, by liaving 
its thumbs rudimentary, and appearing externally under tlie form of simple 
tubercles, which, according to the observations of M. Spix, always want 
the nail, though the contrary is asserted by others. The iiair on the 
upper part of the body is short, and rather thick, of a yellowish fawn-co- 
lour, as in the rest of its congeners, blending into a fiery red towards the 
roots of the hair, beiiind the thighs and legs, on tlie fingers, and beneath 
the tail. The hair of the head is rather darker, but becomes lighter about 
the face. Tlie latter is of an oblong form, naked, flesh-coloured, slightly 
tinged with grey', and bears long, black, and stiff' hairs on the margin of 
the forehead and eyelashes. The cranium is broad and arched ; the ears 
prominent, truncated on the margin, hairy', of a deep brown beneatli and 
behind; wliile tlie lower jaw slightly ascends at the inferior angle. 
These large Monkeys are very plentiful in the maritime provinces from 
St Paul to Bahia. Tliey travel about in troops during the day, and make 
the air resound with their loud ciies. On perceiving a hunter, they as- 
cend quickly to the tops of the highest trees, and leap swiftly and silently 
from branch to branch, until they are lost in the gloom of their impene- 
trable forests. 
GENUS IV.— LAGOTI-IllIX.— GLUTTONOUS MONKEYS. 
Syn. Les Lagotiirix Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 101. 
Lagothrix. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Desra. Mam. 
Gastrimabgos Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. 
generic characters. 
The Head rounded. Tub Faci.al Angle about 50°. The Ears very 
small. 
The Tail naked beneath the point- 
The Hands pentadactylous. 
The Nails slightly compressed. 
The Limbs of moderate length. — The Hair rather woolly. 
Inhabit South America. 
These animals have the head round, like that of the Spider- 
Monkeys, their thumbs are developed as in the Plowlers, and the 
tail is partly naked, as in both. They all come from the interior of 
South America, and are said to be singularly gluttonous in their 
habits. 
The genus Lagothrix, containing two species only, was instituted by 
M. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, and may be distirigiiisbed from any of the 
preceding by its having tlie limbs much shorter, and especially by the 
fore-hands being pentadactylous, as in the Howlers and Weepers {Cebus), 
the latter of which it greatly resembles in tlie general proportions of the 
body. The fingers are of moderate length, and the first or index is even 
short. The nails of the anterior hands are slightly compressed, not ex- 
cepting even those of the thumbs, and in respect to their shape, .are inter- 
mediate to those of the Ateles and Eriodes. On the hinder-fingers, ex- 
cepting the thumb, the nails are still more compressed, and similar to 
those of the Eriodes, especially in respect to the three last fingers. The 
head in the Gluttonous Monkeys is rounded, and their hair soft to the 
touch, very fine, and almost as woolly as in the Eriodes ; but their in- 
cisive teeth and nostrils resemble those of the Ateles. Their facial angle 
is 50°, and their ears are very small. 
It is to Humboldt that we are indebted for the discovery of these ani- 
mals, which still remain but little known, whether in their organization 
or manners. We are merely informed that they live together in numerous 
troops, and appear to be very mild in their disposition ; they often stand 
