176 
OilDER QUADRUMANA.—GENUS CEBUS. 
erect upon their hinder hands. Spix, having found them in Br.izil, adds, 
that they have a harsl),dis.igreeahle voice, and that they are very gluttonous, 
for which lie gives them the name of Gastrimargus; but the rule of priority 
warrants us in preferring the name given by Geoffrey. 
1. LAGOTHRIX CANUS.— GREENISH GLUTTONOUS MONKEY. 
Syn. Le Grison Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 101. 
L.iigoturix CANOS. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA CANA Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 354. 
Icon. Gastrimargus olivaOEDS.' — Spix, Sira, et Vespert. Bras. pi. 28. 
SFECmC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair grey olive above ; black or dark brown beneath ; very black 
and frizzled on the head. T'he Face and Hands black. 
Inhabits the banks of the Amazon. 
These animals are known to the Brazilians by the name of Barigudos, 
from their singular gluttony. They acquire a great size, and were found 
in troops, occupying the highest trees in the neighbourhood of the great 
river Solimoens. When once tamed, they become very familiar, and, ap- 
proaching the dinner table, sit down patiently on their haunches, waiting 
for boiled moat or oranges, of which they are very fond, though the latter 
often prove fat.al to them. One specimen was brought over as far as the 
Azores, but died there from the cold. Towards the month of November, 
they are seen in great numbers carrying their young ones on the back or 
belly. 
This species is olive-coloured throughout, and greatly resembles a Negro 
in the face, by the dark, short, thick, and woolly hair of the head ; by its 
hue, which is very black ; by the remarkable whiteness of the teeth, and 
its flat, short, and depressed nose. Its hair is extremely short and thick ; 
grey olive above, and black or dark brown beneath ; on the head, on all 
the hands, the inner surfaces of the limbs, and beneath the tail, it is en- 
tirely black ; each hair on the back is of a dirty white, annulated with 
light yellowish-grey, pointed with black. The tail is longer than the 
body, very' strong, hairy, and naked beneath for about a quarter of its 
length from the point. The hair under the body is rather black. 
The face is somewhat square, and the parts round the eyes are naked. 
Before the ears and behind the cheeks, the hair is turned back so as to 
form a kind of dark cowl. The ears are extremely short, truncated, and 
covered with slightly brown hairs. The incisive teeth are almost 
square; the canines are strong; the anterior hands slightly elongated; 
the nails black or grey, long, nearly triangular, and slightly curved; those 
on the thumbs of the hinder-hands are almost flat. 
The female and young are distingui^hed by having the cowl not so black 
as in the male. 
2. LAGOTHRIX HUMBOLDTIL— HUMBOLDT’S GLUTTONOUS- 
MONKEY. 
Syn. Le Caparo. — Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 101. 
Lagotiirix IIumboldtii. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA LAGOTHRiciiA (Caparro) — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 321 and 354. 
Icon. Gastrimargus infusiatus (fem.). — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 29. 
specific characters. 
Tiif. FIair deep brown, tipped with black. 
The Face and Hands black. 
Inhabits the banks of the Rio Guaviare and Rio Iga. 
Though greatly resembling the preceding species in many respects, this 
animal may at once be distinguished by its neck and body being more 
slender. Its face is not so square, nor its lower canines so long. The 
head and entire body are of a deep brown, approaching in many places 
to black, especially on the breast and hands. All the hairs of the 
body are directed backwards, and are mostly black on their points. 
The cowl on the head nearly resembles that of the species just described. 
All the nails are black, triangular, and shorter than in the former; that of 
the longest finger of the fore-hand is not compressed. 
Some of the females have the back and head of a paler brown, ap- 
proaching to grey ; sometimes the hair becomes wholly white, with the 
points black, so as to produce the effect of a uniform grey. 
IMAGINARY SPECIES. 
1. Lagothrix isro-MATUS (Le Lagothriche enfumce) of Isid. Geoffroy, 
Diet. Class. d’Hist. Nat. art. Sapajou, founded upon the Gastrimargus in- 
fumatus of Spix, is absolutely identical with Humboldt’s Gluttonous 
Monkey, on the authority of 'Temminck (Mon. Mam.) 
GENUS V. CEBUS.— WEEPERS. 
Syn. Les Autres Sapajous, — Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 102. 
Cebus (Sajou). — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 
Cebus (in part). — Erxl. — Fiseb. Syn. Mam. 
SiMiA (in part). — Linn. Gmel. I. 
GENERIC characters. 
The Head round. The Muzzle short. The Forehead slightly pro- 
jecting. The Faci.al Angle about 60°. 
The Body and Limbs medium size. 
The Tail prehensile, and entirely covered with hair. 
The Hands pentadactylous. The Nails compressed. 
Inhabit South America. 
The remaining Sapajoos have the head round, and the thumb 
distinct, while at the same time the tail is wholly covered with hairs, 
although it still continues to be prehensile. Tlieir species are much 
more numerous, and almost as difficult to characterize distinctly as 
those of the Howlers. 
The Weeper Monkeys are of a mild disposition, their movements 
quick and lively ; they are very readily tamed ; and it is from their 
little fluted cry that they derive the name of Singes Pleureurs, or 
Weepers. 
The genus Cebus appears to occupy the same station in the New 
World as Cercopithecus does in the Old, each being in an eminent degree 
the type of its tribe. All the animals belonging to this division come to 
us from Guiana and Brazil, where they live in troops, on the elevated 
branches of trees. They feed chiefly on fruits, but willingly devour Insects, 
Mollusca, and Annelides, or even sometimes meat. They are believed to be 
monogamous. The females usually produce a single young one at a time, 
which they carry about with them on the back, and treat with the most 
affectionate attention. Many instances are known of their producing in 
confinement in Europe. Some of them are noticed by travellers under 
the name of Singes musquh, or Musky Monkeys, in consequence of the 
strong odour of musk which they emit, especially during the rutting season. 
They make their little fluted cry on all ordinary occasions, but when agi- 
tated by passion, whether jealousy, fear, or joy, their voice becomes strong, 
approaching to a noisy bark. These animals are of great agility and in- 
telligence, very quick, and always in motion, yet docile and easily edu- 
cated. M. Isidore Geoffroy noticed one individual, after many unsuc- 
cessful attempts to break a nut, first with its teeth, and then on the wood 
work ot its cage, expertly making use of a bar of iron for that purpose. 
They have not the same volatile character us the Guenons of Africa, but 
resemble them in the indelicacy of their behaviour. Tliey require to be 
kept very warm in our climates, and are extremely liable to diseases of the 
chest, wlieii exposed to cold or moisture. These Monkeys are rather 
common in most large cities. 
The limbs of the Cebus Monkeys are strong, powerful, and elongated ; 
consequently, they leap with remarkable agility. Their anterior thumbs are 
rather short, not very free in their motions, and but slightly opposable to the 
fingers, as is the case with the Howlers and Gluttonous Monkeys. Their 
nails are cylindrical and somewhat flat : the tail is nearly the length of the 
body ; sometimes it is wholly covered with long hairs, at other times the 
hairs on the terminal portion are excessively short, from its friction against 
other bodies, but it never exhibits a true callosity. M. F. Cuvier notices 
the existence of a slight callosity at the extremity of the tail of the Cebus 
hypoleuciis, but this is at variance with our observations upon an indivi- 
dual of that species. The hyoid bone has its central portion enlarged, 
but it does not appear externally ; the head is rather round, the face 
broad and short, and tlie eyes very large and approximated to each other. 
The opening of the nostrils is broad, but rather narrow from above down- 
wards. The deiitary margins are almost parallel to each jaw ; the molar 
teeth of medium size, and six in number on each side of both jaws, as in 
all the other Sapajoos. In one solitary instance M. Geoffroy found seven 
molars on each side of the upper jaw, in a very old individual of his Cebus 
variegaius, which we consider identical with C. xanthosternus of Prince 
Maximilian. The incisive teeth are arranged almost in a straight line, tlie 
first incisor being the larger in the upper jaw, while the second is the 
larger in the lower; the canines arc very strong in all old individuals. The 
cerebral cavity is very voluminous ; it is broad, and at the same time 
extends fur from the back forwards ; the occipital hole is situate di- 
rectly under the base of the skull. The tail, being entirely covered with 
hair, is an organ of motion, but not of touch. The males have an 
external scrotum, and the glans resembles an inverted^ pyramid, the base 
being outermost. 
■ According to the Baron Cuvier, the Gastrimargus olivaceus of Spix is identical with Lagothrix IIumboldtii of Geoffroy, while G. infumatus is the same as L. canus. 
These synonyms, we think, sliould be transposed, as in the text. It must be admitted, however, that the characters given by Geoffroy do not correspond very accurately 
with the representations of Spix, * '' 
