GENUS CALLITHllIX— SQUIRREL-MONKEYS. 
181 
merely resting the head between tne tnighs, which then touch the ground. 
The thumb of the fore-hands is parallel to tlie fingers, that of the hinder 
is completely opposable. Its cry consists of a mild and acute whistle, 
which it repeats three or four times in rapid succession. 
In the other species (Les Caleithrix of the Baron Cuvier), the 
tail is slender, and the teeth do not project outwards. They have 
for a long time been united with the Saimiris, but the head of these 
Sagoins is more elevated, and their canines much shorter. 
2. (lALLITHRIX PERSONATA.— MASKED SQUIRREL- 
MONKEY 
Syn. Lk Sagouin a masque. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. lOL 
Cai.lithiiix peusonatcs — Geofi'. Ann. Mus. XIX Kuhl, Reitr.— 
Desm. Mara. — I’r. Mux. Reitr. 
SiMtA PERSONATA. — Ilumb. Obs. Zool. p. 357. 
Icon. Sauassu (Callithrix pcrsonatus). — Pr. Max. Abbild. 
Cullillirix pcrsonata (mas.) — Spix, Sira, ct Vcspert. Bras. pi. 12. 
Callithiux NlGaiFRONS(maB.) — Ibid. pi. 15. 
SPECIFIC CIIAllACTERS. 
The Hair greyish-brown or yellowish j the head black; the tail chest- 
nut-brown ; the hack of the neck whitish in the male. 
The Pace and Hands black. 
Inhadits Brazil. 
This is one of the most agreeable Monkeys in the Brazils. It was 
found by Si)ix near Rio de Janeiro, hut abounds between the Rio Para- 
hyba and Rio Doce. It is commonly seen in little communities consist- 
ing of two or three families. Its cry is sharp and loud, with a kind of 
rattle, occasioned by a peculiar form of the larynx. When domesticated, 
it becomes very gentle and sociable. The natives call it Sauassu, by 
which name it is also known to the Brazilians. 
The Masked Squirrel- Monkey is at once known by the deep black hue 
of its head and hands, while the tail is chestnut-brown. Its hair is very 
bushy, deep brown near the roots, and chestnut-brown at the points. 
The black hair of the head hangs downwards to a considerable length 
around the face. 
3. CALLITHRIX TORQUATA.— WHITE-THROATED 
SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 
Syn. Lf. Sagouin en deuii. ou La Veuve Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 104. 
Callithrix torquata. — Hoffmannsegg in Mag.' Gesellsch. Naturf. 
Freund. X C. TORQUATUS, C. AMICTUS& C. lugens. — Geoff. Ann. 
Mus. XIX. — Kuhl, Reitr. — Desm. M.im. 
SiMIA LUGENS (Viudita) S. TORQUATA, & S. Amicta. — Humb. Obs. 
Zool. p. 357. 
Icon. Callithrix amicta (mas.) — Spix, Sim. et Vcspert. Bras. pi. 13. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair chestnut-brown ; the fore-bands yellowish- white ; the hin- 
der-hands and tail black ; the neck and breast white. 
The Face and Hands brown. 
Inhabits the banks of the Solimoens, and the mountains on the right 
bank of tlie Orinoco. 
The Whlte-tliroated Squirrel-Monkey is rare and miicb esteemed. It 
appears to be extremely mild, timid, and inoffensive; its eye denotes 
great vivacity, yet it remains for hours motionless, without sleep, and 
Noticing attentively every thing passing around it. Often it refuses to 
thougli very hungry ; and seems to have a great aversion to be touched 
the liands, hiding tlicm under the belly whenever any one attempts to 
touch them. This mildness and timidity, however, are merely apparent. 
At the sight of a small bird it becomes fiiriou-s, springs upon it like a Cat, 
and devours it in an instant. It is very fond of fresh meat, although it 
nsually lives on fruits ; and when it eats, raises botli hands to the mouth 
at once, like the Sagoins. It does not associate with Monkeys of a dif- 
ferent species, and the sight of a Varied Stpiirrcl- Monkey puts it into a 
•■age. It runs and leaps with prodigious agilky, and, like the Monkey 
*ast mentioned, does not thrive on the coasts of South America. 
The hair on the body of this Monkey is of a deep chestnut-brown ; the 
liinder-hands, fore-arms, ,and tail, are of a shining black ; the forehead, 
temples, aad circle round the face, of a dusky grey. The throat and breast 
ate wliito. q’he fore-hands yellowish-white. In the females and 3 'oung, 
*be tail is not so black, and the back, instead of being chestnut-brown, is 
ttiore varied, and tends ratlier towards a light brown. 
4. CALLITHRIX MELANOCHIR.— BLACK-HANDED 
SQUIRREI.-MONKEY. 
CAi.i.iTHRrx MELANOCHIR. — Pr. Max. Reitr. — Kuhl, Reitr. — Desm, 
Mam, 
Icon. Callithrix CINERASCENS, mas. (young). — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras, 
pi. 14. 
Callithrix Gigot Ibid, pi, 16. 
Callithrix raelanochir. — Pr. Max. Abbild. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair ash-grey ; bright reddish-brown on tlie back ; the tail spot- 
ted with white and yellowish-grey. 
The Face and Hands black. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This is an agreeable little animal, common to the North of the Rio 
Doce on all tlie eastern coast of Brazil, and is even not rarely found in 
the interior. It is commonly known by the name of Gigo, and in its form 
and mode of life is not far different from the Masked Squirrel-Moiikev 
ahead}' described. There is the same peculiarity in its voice. These 
animals reside on the highest trees of the primitive forests of Brazil in 
small troops of three to five individuals. When taken young they are 
easily tamed, and become very mild and confiding. 'They are sometimes 
hunted as game. 
The bright reddish-brown of the back is peculiar to the adults ; the 
young are entirely grey. 
5. CALLITHRIX CUPREA.— COPPER-BREASTED SQUIRREL- 
MONKEY. 
Syn. et Icon. Callithrix Spix, Sim. ct Vcspert. Bras. pi. 17 (fora.) 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair brownish-grey above ; the head, breast, limbs, and under 
part of the body, copper-coloured. 
The Face and Hands brown. 
Inhabits the banks of the Rio Solimoens. 
The Copper-breasted Squirrel-Monkey, called Yapitsa by the natives, 
is of a brownish-grey above, and copper-colour beneath, as far as the 
feet. The head is furnished with sliort and thick liairs, the face and 
eye-lids are almost naked. The face is surrounded from tlie temples to 
the base of the cheeks with copper-coloured hairs directed forwards. 
The ears are naked behind, very prominent, and covered in front by some 
red hairs. In general, all the hairs are directed backwards, tliose of the 
back, shoulders, and tliighs, are tolerably long, black, and intermixed 
with red. The tail is of a reddisli-grey, becoming gradually lighter to- 
wards the extremity. The eyes are brown. 
6 . CALLITHRIX MOLOCH — MOLOCH SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 
Syn. Cebds Moloch. — Hoffra. in Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freund. X. 
Calutheix Moloch. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Kuhl, Beitr. — Desm. 
Mam. 
Icon. 
specific characters. 
The Hair ash-coloured, anmilated with brown ; the temples, cheeks, 
and belly, bright red; tlie tip of the tail and bauds of a clear grey, almost 
white. 
The Face and Hands dusky and naked. 
Inhabits Para. 
Tills elegant little animal has all the upper parts of the body, the neck, 
and head, as well as the internal surface of all the li nhs, covered with 
hairs, amiulated with light grey and pale brown, occasioning these parts 
of tlie Itody to present an agreeable varied appearance. The liairs of the 
tail, which are very bushy at its base and short elsewhere, are annulated 
to a considerable extent with dark greyish-brown and dirty wliite. The 
ipner surface of tlie limbs is of a clearer grey than the upper part of the 
body. The backs of the liaiids, especially the fore ones, are of a clear 
grey, almost white. The hairs on the top of the head are short and 
perpendicular. The cheeks, the upper part of the neck, the breast, belly, 
and the internal surface of tlie limbs, are of a reddish-yellow, tending 
rather to a bright red on the limits of tlie grey tint of the sides, where 
these colour.s are separated by a definite line. 
7. CALLITHRIX INFULATA — MITRED SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 
Syn. Callithrix infulatos — Kuhl, Beitr. — Desm. Mam. 
Icon. 
specific characters. 
The Hair grey above, reddish-yellow beneath, a white spot surrounded 
with black above the eyes ; the base of the tail reddish-yellow, the 
point black. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This animal, first named by Lichtenstein, mid described by Kuhl, from 
a. specimen in the Museum of Berlin, is known to us only by the above 
description. 
' See Hoffmannsegg’s Description of Four Quadrumanous Animals in the Mag. der Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freund, za Berlin, for 1809, vol. X. p. 8. 
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