THE FOX-TAILS. 
183 
With this account of the Black Fox- tail we have ventured to combine 
the description of the Brachyurus Israelita of Spix, under the conviction 
that it is the young of the same species. The external and other charac- 
ters, as far as they have been noted, correspond ; and the comparative 
shortness of the tail, upon which Spix chiefly insists, and readily expli- 
cable upon our supposition, is an insufficient ground for the formation of 
a new species. The point, however, requires further elucidation ; and 
the more so, as the learned Naturalist assigns the forests of the Yapura, 
a tributary of the Solimoens, near Peru, as the habitat of his Brachyu- 
rus. 
4. PITHECIA RUFIVENTER.— RED-BREASTED FOX-TAIL. 
Syn. Le Saki a VEnran aoux Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 103. 
PiTHEcrA BUFiBARBATA Kuhl, Beitr. — Desra. Mam. No. 88. 
SiMiA PiTHECiA Linn. Gmel. 1. 
PiTHECiA KOPIVENTER Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desra. Mam. No. 
86. — Kuhl, Beitr. 
SiMiA RorivENTEB Hurob. Obs. Zool. p. 3,58. 
Icon. Le Sake — B uff. Suppl. VII. pi. 31 Audeb. Sing. 
PiTBEaA CAPILLAMENTOSA (fem.) — Spix, Sim. ct Vespert. Bras. pi. 11. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair dark brown above ; red beneath in the male, yellow be- 
neath in the female ; yellowish-brown on the head ; black on the hands. 
The Face and Hands dark flesh colour. 
Inhabits Guiana. 
This animal has been called the Wigged Monkey, a name to which it 
seems justly entitled; and Spix gives a particular description of no fewer 
than three wigs ; the first flowing down the shoulders, the second form- 
ing a marked zone around the face, and tile third ascending backward 
from the eyes. Under this profusion of hair, its ears, ivhich are small, 
are entirely hid. Audebert informs us, that the tints of colouring 
vary. 
The habits of this species are not accurately known. From its having 
received from BufFon the appellation of the Nocturnal Monkey, it has been 
inferred that it is taciturn, solitary, feeble, and timid. It lives in thickets ; 
associates in small groups of eight or ten, and is not often met with. 
5. PITHECIA BREVICAUDATA.— SHORT FOX-TAIL. 
Syn. Le Courte-qceue Ooakarv. — S pix, pi. 1.3. 
Cebus Ouakary. — F isch. Syn. Mam. 
Icon. Braebyurus Ouakary (mas. ) — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 8. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair on the head, arms, and legs, black ; on the back yellowish- 
brown ; on the thighs and tail ferrugineous ; no beard ; the hair of the 
forehead distichous. 
The Face and Hands dusky. The Tail short. 
Inhabits the banks of the Rio Solimoens and Rio Iga. 
To these characters, it is scarcely necessary to add any thing descrip- 
tive of the animal discovered by Spix. It is of moderate dimensions, and 
lives in considerable troops, which confine themselves to the woods which 
skirt the rivers. It is chiefly during the day that these animals make the 
forests resound with their piercing and savage cries. 
6. PITHECIA MELANOCEPHALA — BLACK-HEADED 
FOX-TAIL. 
Syn. SiMiA MELANOCEPHALA (Cacajao). — H umb. Obs. Zool. p. 316 and 
359. 
Pithecia MELANOCEPHALA. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 
No. 92. — Kutil, Beitr. 
Icon. Humb. Obs. Zool. pi. 29. 
specific CHARACTERS. 
The Hair of the head black ; of the point of the tail, dark brown, 
elsewhere brown, varied with yellow. 
The Face and Hands dusky. 
Inhabits the banks of the Rio Negro and Cassaquiare. 
Our acquaintance with this interesting animal we owe to the exertions 
the indefatigable Humboldt. Its countenance has a resemblance to 
^hat of an infant, while its expression approximates that of an old Negro. 
The hair of tlie head is ns if all combed forward ; and bristles occupy the 
place of the eye-hrows and beard. The ears are quite naked, very large, 
•and more than any of the American Monkeys, like those of Man. The 
'air is Ion? and shining, and generally copious, except round the neck, 
'^nere it is nearly wanting. 
This animal is very voracious, but dull and heavy, feeble, and extremely 
gentle. It eats all kinds, of fruits, not excepting the sourest lemons. In 
seizing an object, it extends its arms, and curves its back in a singular 
manner. As its fingers are exceedingly long and slender, its attempts at 
grasping are very awkward, and even its mode offeeding. It has a dread 
of the other Monkeys, and it trembles in every fibre at the sight of a Cro- 
codile or Serpent. When irritated, a rare circumstance, it opens its 
mouth in an extraordinary manner, and utters convulsive cries. The 
little animal, wliich for a time was the companion of Humboldt, was of a 
delicate constitution, and died under the effects of a Coup-dc~Soleil, not- 
withstandiug all the means which were employed for its recovery. 
7. PITHECIA MONACHUS HOODED FOX-TAIL. 
Syn. Pithecia Mon ACHU s(Moine). — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 
No. 90. — Kuhl, Beitr. 
SiiHA Monachor — H umb. Obs. Zool. p. 359. 
Icon. Buff. Hist. Nat Suppl, VII. pi. 30. 
specipic characters. 
The Hair variegated with large spots of brown and bright yellow ; 
forming a cowl or hood on the top of the head. 
Inhabits Brazil (probably). 
The whole history of this species, noted by so many respectable autho- 
rities, is very obscure, and requires revision. It was introduced into the 
catalogue of Monkeys on the authority of M. Geoffroy-St-Hilaire, from 
a specimen in the Paris Museum, but of this specimen little was known 
or determined. Kuhl says it is the least of all the tribe ; its habits and 
habitat are very doubtful, if not wholly unknown. 
8. PITHECIA AZAR.®.— AZARA’S FOX-TAIL. 
Syn. Pithecia Mibiqoouin.a Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. — 
Kuhl, Beitr. 
Le Miriquouina D’Azar. Quadr. Parag. II. p. 213. 
Simia Azarsu — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 359. 
Icon. 
SPECIPIC characters. 
The Hair brownisli-grey, cinnamon colour beneath ; two white spots 
beneath the eyes. 
Inhabits Paraguay. 
As the distinguished and indefatigable Azara is our only authority for 
this animal, as for many others of Southern America, and as no plate of 
it has been published, we give in detail the characters he supplies. The 
head is very small and almost round; the neck is uncommonly short, and 
seems even thicker than the head. The whole face to the very eyes is 
covered with hair, the eyelids and nose, which is prominent, being alone 
naked. The eye is large ; the iris of a pale brown. The ear, too, is 
very large, round, hairy, somewhat elevated at the point. The fur is 
very soft, bushy, and erect, that of the tail alone lying close. The greater 
part of the body is of a grizzly colour ; the lower parts are of cinnamon 
Ime, and on the face, above the eye, upon the cheek, and under the chin, 
there is a white marking. The female is of the same colour as the male, 
and is a trifle less in size, and the young in no respect differs from tlie 
markings of its parents. 
Azara drew his description from the examination of three females and 
one male. He had also seen it domesticated, and learned that it was 
very gentle and quiet. 
9. PITHECIA CHIROPOTES — CAPUCHIN FOX-TAIL. 
Syn. Simia Chiropotes (Capuchin de I’Orenoque). — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 
311 and 358. 
Pithecia Chiropotes (Capuchin). — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Desm 
Mam. No. 85. — Kuhl, Beitr. 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair reddish-brown ; distichous on the head ; the beard very 
long. 
The Face black and naked. 
Inhabits the banks of the High Orinoco. 
This Monkey, as stated by Humboldt, is one of the most remarkable of 
South America, though not mentioned by any preceding Naturalist. It 
is of a reddish-brown colour; its coat long and shining. Its head is oval 
shaped ; the facial angle about 52° ; tlie face and palms of the hand are 
black and naked. The forehead and top of the head are coveted witli 
thick and very long hair, lying forwards, and dividing itself over the eyes 
into two large tufts. The eyes are large and deep-set ; the canine teeth 
very formidable, and the deep brown beard venerable, extended down the 
breast. The head, thighs, and tail, are of a deeper tint than the rest of 
the body. 
