186 
THE MARMOUSETS. 
(A.) Proper Marmousets. (Jacciids.) 
M. Geoffrey distinguishes the Ouistitis, properly so called 
(Jacchus), characterized by having their lower incisive teeth pointed, 
placed in a curved line, and equal to the canines. Their tail is 
bushy and annulated ; their ears are usually ornamented with a 
bunch of hair. It is rather difficult to establish clear specific dif- 
ferences among these animals, differing from each other only in 
colour. 
1. HAPALE JACCHUS.— COMMON MARMOUSET. 
Syn. L’Oinsrm common. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 105. 
Jaochus vulgaris — G eoir. Ann. Mus. XIX — Desm. Blam. 
SiiiUA Jacchus. — Linn. Gmel. I. 39 Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 
Hapale Jacchus — K uhl, Beitr Pr. Max. Beitr. 
Striated Monkey Penn. Quadr. No. 142. 
Icon. Oustiti male adulte — jeunc femelle. — F. Cut. ct Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Hapale Jacchus. — Pr. Blax. Abbild. 
E’Ouistiti. — Buff. Hist Nat. XV. pi. 14. — Audeb. Sing. — Schreb. 
Saiigth. pi. 33. 
The Sangun or Cagux Minor. — E dw. Glean, pi. 218. 
specific characters. 
The Hair greyish-brown ; the crupper and tail annulated with black 
and greyish-brown ; a white spot on the forehead ; very long whitish 
hairs on each side of the ears. 
Inhabits the tropical parts of America. 
The Common Marmouset lias been long and familiarly known. The 
head is round, covered with black hair at the crown, and on the temples 
there are two remarkable tufts of long white hair ; the ears resemble the 
human. The face is flesh-coloured and naked, as also the hands and 
feet ; the eyes are reddish. The upper part of the body is covered with 
longish hair, in alternate stripes of black and greyish-brown. The ring- 
like markings are still more conspicuous on the tail, to the number of about 
twenty of each colour. The under parts of the body, and inside of the 
limbs, are brown. This beautiful species is about eight inches long, 
without including the tail, which is somewhat longer than the body. At 
birth their eyes are open ; they are of a greyish colour ; and immediately 
attach themselves to their mother, and hide themselves in her fur. M. 
F. Cuvier states concerning one in the Paris Menagerie which had three 
at a birth, that she destroyed one before suckling the others. Her ma- 
ternal feelings were any thing but strong ; and the male showed generally 
a greater affection for the young. Though very active and attentive to 
all thai passes, they seem rather stupid, and are very distrustful. They 
never distinguish persons, even those most familiar with them ; and they 
are very irritable, and apt to snap at all. They have a singular whistling 
sort of a cry, in which they particularly indulge. 
This species is widely spread over both the American Continents ; and 
as it bears the change of climate well, and readily propagates, it is very 
commonly met with in these countries. 
Var. Rufus There is a variety of this species, with the tail annulated 
with red and ash colour. 
2. HAPALE PENICILLATUS.— PENCILLED MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Jacchus Penicillatus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX — Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA Penicillata Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 
Icon. OuisriTi femelle a finceau. — F. Cut. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Jacchus penicillatus. — Spix, Sim. ct Vespert Bras. pi. 26. 
Hapale penicillatus Pr. Max. Abbild. 
STECIFIC characters. 
The Hair grey ; the crupper and tail annulated with dark and light 
grey s a white spot on the forehead ; long dark brown or black pencils of 
hair in front of each ear ; the head and upper parts of the neck black. 
Inbajiits Brazil. 
This singular and graceful-looking animal is distinguished from the pre- 
vious species principally by those remarkable pencil-formed tufts in front 
of its ears, from which it has received its specific name. Similar appen- 
dages are sometimes likewise found behind the ear, and on the back of 
the neck. The hair on the head is usually black, with a remarkable 
white marking on the forehead. The countenance generally is of a dark 
Ethiopic hue, and is nearly naked ; it is surrounded with a tawny-colour- 
ed fur, which on the neck is nearly black. The fur of the body is beau- 
tifully striped light and dark grey and yellow ; the tail is decidedly annu- 
lated, black and white ; its tip is white. M. Cuvier’s specimen was not 
six inches long. The habits of this species are but little known. Spix 
states it is always found in small troops, and that the mother never car. 
ries the young either on her back or breast. It is one of the most com- 
mon Monkeys in Brazil. 
a HAPALE LEUCOCEPHALUS WHITE-HEADED 
MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Jacchus leccocephalus. — Geoff Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Blam. 
SiMlA GeoffrOYT Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 
Icon. Hapale leucOcephalus. — Pr. Blax. Abbild. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair black, spotted with dark grey : the tail annulated with 
black and dark grey ; the head and breast white ; long black pencils of 
hair on each side of the ears. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This very beautiful little animal has a strong family likeness to the two 
foregoing species, and like the last it has a broad pencil or rather tuft of 
black hair at the side of its head. Its other markings, however, com- 
pletely distinguish it from its congeners. The whole head and front of 
the neck are white, while the rest of the body is black, spotted with dark 
grey, the tail annulated, but with very dark colours. This species is 
somewhat larger than the preceding. It is an inhabitant of Brazil ; and 
Prince Maximilian states that he has witnessed the adult carrying one of 
its young on its back and another at its breast. Its favourite resorts are 
the lofty forests, and it is rather abundant. It is so much esteemed for 
its beauty that it is very often tamed, and made a household ornament. 
4. HAPALE HUMERALIFER WHITE-ARMED MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Jacchus HUMERALIFER (Le Camail) Geoff. Ann. Bins. XIX. — Desm. 
Blam. 
SlMiA husieraufera. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 
Icon. 
I 
SPECIFIC CHA.BACTERS. 
The Hair dusky brown ; on the shoulders, breast, and arms, white ; 
on the top of the head, dark brown ; the tail indistinctly annulated with 
grey. 
Inhabits Brazil? 
This species differs somewhat more than tlie preceding from the Com- 
mon Marmouset. The ring-like markings of the tail are not so distinct, 
and the back is of a dusky brown colour. The upper part of the head is 
also very dark, whilst the neck and tlie lower part of the body are dull 
white ; the hind legs are of a speckled brown colour. It is somewhat 
smaller than the Common Marmouset, and the tail is proportionally 
larger. Its habitat has not been accurately ascertained, though it is sus- 
pected to be from Brazil. 
5. HAPALE AURITUS.— BLACK MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Jacchus AUBiTUs(OREn.LABD) Geoff. Ann. BIus. XIX. — Desm. Blam. 
SiJUA AUBiTA. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair black, varied with red above ; the tail annulated with dark 
brown ; the upper part of the head and face marked in the middle with 
yellowish-white ; the hands ash-coloured ; the ears covered with long 
white pencils. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This animal, of which little is known, is about the size of the Common 
Marmouset. 
(B.) Tamarin Marmousets. (Midas.) 
M. Geoffroy assigns the term Midas to those species having their 
lower incisors trenchant, placed nearly in a straight line, and equal 
to the canines. Their tail is more slender, and it is not annulated. 
6. HAPALE (EDIPUS.— RED-TAILED MARBIOUSET. 
Syn, Le Pin'CHK.— Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 105. 
Midas QSdipus. — GeofT. Ann. Mus, XIV.* — Jacxihus CEdipus. — Desm* 
Mam. 
SiMiA CEdipus.— Linn. Gmel. I. — Humb. Obs. Zool. 361. 
Red-tailed Monkey. — Penn. Qundr. No. HL 
Icon, Knche male.— F. Cuv. cl GeofF. Hist. Mam. 
Midas CEdipus fern, (var.) — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 23. 
Le Pinche. — Buff. Hist Nat. XV. pi. 17. — Audeb. Sing. 
Little Lion Monkey. — Edw. Birds, pi. 195. 
