THE MARMOUSETS. 
187 
SPECIFIC CHARACTEttS. 
The Hair grey, mixed witli brown ; long white Imirs on the head, 
hanging behind the ears ; the tail red throughout its first half, black to- 
wards the end. 
Inhabits the Banks of the River Amazon, Guiana, and Brazil. 
This Red-tailed Marmouset has many well-marked characteristics, of 
which none is more striking than its long white crest which falls down 
about the neck. All the under parts of the body, and the inside and ex- 
treme parts of the extremities, are also white. The outer sides of the 
limbs are of a deep red colour, as is also the tail, which is tipt with black. 
The face is wholly black and naked, as is also the front of the neck ; the 
eyes, too, arc stated to be altogether black. Its size varies from eight to 
ten inches, and the tail is considerably longer than the body. A variety 
of the female has been figured by Spix (tab. 23), with the body striped 
black and dark yellowish-grey. 
Though not very common, this species is found in the neighbourhood 
of Carthagena, at the mouth of the llio-Siuii, and in Guiana. Humboldt 
states it is very savage in its temper, and is not tamed without much dif- 
ficulty ; but when once domesticated, lives along time in its native coun- 
try. One w.as brought to him, which he was anxious to preserve, but 
it obstinately refused all nourishment, and died in great wrath, squeaking 
like a Bat, and biting every one that approached it. This animal has by 
Edwards been designated the “ Little Lion Monliey ," for which he as- 
signs the following reason : — “ When it prances about the room on its 
all-fours, and plays its tail over its back, it has very much the air of a 
little Lion." 
7. HAPALE UUFIMANUS.— RED-HANDED MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Lf. Tamaruv — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 
Midas rofimanos Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX — Jacchus rofimanus — 
Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA Midas. — Linn. Gmel. I — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 362. 
Grf.at-eared Monkey. — Penn, ftnadr. No. HI. 
Icon . Tamarin a mains rousses. — F. Ciiv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Le Tamarin,— Buff. Hist. Nat. XV. pi. 13 — Audeb. Sing. 
Little Black Monkey — E dw. Birds, pl. 196. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair black ; on the crupper, varied with ash colour ; on the 
hands, red. 
Inhabits Guiana. 
This Red-handed Marmouset was first described by our countryman 
Edwards. It is one of the least species, usually not exceeding six or 
seven inches ; its tail being twice as much ; its bite, owing to its small- 
ness, is not more offensive than the pinch from a Sparrow’s bill ; it is, 
however, very lively and full of action. The eyes are of a hazel colour, 
the face of a dark flesh, the nose scarcely rising at all ; the upper lip slit 
like a hare’s lip, the teeth very small, nearly approaching in shape to the 
human. The ears are large in proportion, of a blackish flesh colour, and 
thinly beset with short hairs. The hair on the head forms a peak on the 
forehead, and the face is nearly naked. The head, body, and tail, are 
covered with soft black hair, rather rough and shaggy ; the hair on the 
lower part of the back stands erect, and is mixed with yellow coloured 
Iiairs ; the hands are covered with short, sleek, deep orange-coloured 
hair ; the fore-hands are not so human-like as in some other Monkeys, 
though it can still hold any thing in one hand. 
Pennant and Buffon made the Negro Monkey a variety of this species ; 
hut M. F. Cuvier says they are evidently two distinct species. “ 1 have 
had seven or eight individuals,” he says, “ of both, and the Negro Mon- 
key has the fore arm invariably black, whilst in the other it is constantly 
orange-coloured.” 
The favorite resort of this species is the deep forests. They are bold, 
and do not flee at the approach of Man. The females have but one at a 
birth. They remain almost constantly upon the trees in large troops ; 
their cry is a sharp whistle ; though very choleric they are easily tamed, 
and delight in sitting upon their master’s shoulders ; they are full of plea- 
santry. Their flesh has a disagreeable taste ; and, therefore, they are 
not used as food by the native tribes of South America. 
8. HAPALE URSULUS NEGRO MARMOUSET. 
■Syn. Lf. Tamarin negrf. Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 
Midas ursulus Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX — Jacchus ursulus — Desm. 
Mam. 
SiMiA uRsui.A. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 
Tcon. Tamarin negre fcmelle. — F. Cuv. ct Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. VII. pl. 32. 
Le lainarin negre. — Audeb. Sing. 
specific characters. 
The Hair black, slightly undulated on the back with red. 
The Hands black. 
Inhabits Para — South America. 
The fur of this species is soft and thick, and is composed of only one 
kind of hair, which is wholly black upon the head, round the neck, on 
the extremities, and upon all the lower parts of the body, where it is 
more sparing than elsewhere. The back and flanks have a waved ap- 
pearance — black and fawned colour. The face, ears, hands, and feet, are 
naked, and of an Ethiopic complexion ; the colour of the eyes hrovvnish- 
yellow. The external car is remarkably large, and appears at its back 
part as if mutilated, in a way that is seldom witnessed in other animals. 
M. F. Cuvier had one of these animals in his custody for some days, 
and satisfied himself as to the strong general resemblance it bore to the 
foregoing species. Its character was remarkable only for its extraordi- 
nary irritability. On the slightest movement being made, it showed its 
teeth, and bit with violence as soon as it was touched. Fortunately, 
however, its jaws were so weak, that it could not even penetrate the 
skin. Desmarest informs us that this species is found in Para, where it 
is very common. 
9. HAPALE LABIATUS.— WHITE-LIPPED MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Le Tamarin a levkes blanches. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 
Midas LABIATUS. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX.— Jacchus labiatus.— D esm. 
Mam. 
Sima labiata Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 
Icon. Midas fuscicollis. — S pix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pl. 20. 
Midas NIGRICOLLIS — Ibid. pl. 21 (var.) 
Midas MYSTAX (fem.) — Ibid. pl. 22 (var.) 
SFECIFIC characters. 
The Hair dusky-brown; beneath red; on the head black; on the 
nose and margins of the lips, white. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This species, as noted above, was arranged by Spix in his genus Midas; 
and two others were added — the M. fuscicollis, and M. Mystax. Tem- 
minck, however, considers them only as varieties, a view which most 
Naturalists adopt. It is somewhat singular, however, that according to 
this view, the female {M. Mystax, Spix) should be furnished with great 
white moustaches, an ornament denied to the male. 
The White-lipped Marmouset is very striking in its markings. The 
back, and outer parts of the arms and legs, are of a dusky-brown colour, 
speckled with rosy- white; the head, tail, hands, and feet, are black; and 
the inside of the extremities, and the under parts of the body and tail, 
are of a beautiful red colour. Finally, the neck is of a reddish-fawn co- 
lour, and the mouth is surrounded wiih a circle of white hair which forms 
a striking contrast with the neighbouring dark parts. It is of smaller di- 
mensions than the Kufimanus. 
This animal was found at Ollivenza, near a dark-coloured river, in the 
country of the Tociinos, between the Solimbens and the Ipa. 
10. HAPALE ROSALIA.— SILKY MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Le Marikina. — C uv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 
M’DAS Rosalia. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Jacchus Rosalia. — Desm. 
Mam. 
Simia Rosalia. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 
Silky Monkey. — Penn. Quadr. No. 143. 
Icon. Marikina male. — F. Cuv. et Geofl’. Hist. Mam. 
Le Marikina.— Buff. Hist. Nat. XV. pl. 16. — Audeb. Sing. 
specific characters. 
The Hair clear yellow, deeper about the neck ; a long mane. 
Inhabits Guiana and Brazil. 
The historv of this beautiful little animal has scarcely been investigated 
in its native haunts, the forests of Brazil. The deficiency, however, has, 
to a certain extent, been supplied by the indefatigable F. Cuvier, who 
had frequent opportunities of becoming acquainted with it in Paris. Its 
elegant form, and easy and graceful movements, the intelligent expression 
which animates its look, its sweet voice, and especially its altachment to 
those about it, have always made it a favorite. Without the petulance, 
it has all the vivacity of its congeners. When imported into these cold 
regions, it must be protected with care from the inclemencies of wea- 
ther ; it must also be kept with a minute attention to cleanliness, for 
without this it speedily pines and dies. Accustomed to live in families, 
solitude appears intolerable ; and, therefore, it is most desirable that two 
or more should ’ne in company. The food they most affect is Insects and 
sweet fruits, but they may be habituated to live on biscuits and milk. The 
individual whose habits were studied by M. Cuvier, sought to hide itself 
on the least alarm, and expressed its fear by a continued whistle. It de- 
