188 
ORDER GUADRUMANA— GENUS HAPALE. 
lighted in caresses, and testified afTection, though not complete confi- 
dence ; it came at the call of those it knew, and retreated from strangers, 
displaying its teeth, its only, though far from formidable weapons. Like 
many Birds it delighted to resort to the highest parts of its cage, descend- 
ing but seldom, and eating but little. 
Tills anmial is generally of a beautiful clear yellow colour, somewhat 
more golden about its neck j its face is naked, and of a deep flesh colour, 
so arc the paws, and in fact the whole skin over the body. The fur is 
all of one kind, composed of fine silky hair (hence Pennant’s name, the 
Silh/ Monkey), much longer on the head and neck than in the other 
parts of the body. This supplies it with a great mane, and from this 
single point of resemblance it has received from many travellers the name 
of the Lillie Lion Monkey, and Leoncito. Its tail is also covered on all 
sides with long hair. M. Isidore GeofTroy remarks, that soon after these 
animats arrive in the colder regions, their bright coat fades, and before 
death they are usually very pale, leading to the supposition that in ex- 
treme age they may become white. 
Vab. Govanensis — There is a variety from Guiana, having the tail 
variegated with red and black. 
Vab. Bbasiliensis — And another from Brazil, of a deeper red, but 
having the tail of a uniform colour. 
] I. HAPALE CHRYSOMELAS.— RED-HEADED MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Le MaRIKTna noir. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 
Jacchcs CHRYSOMELAS. — Destn. Mam. 
Midas chbysomelas. — Kuhl Beitr. 
Icon. Hapale CHRYSOMELAS (Der Schwarze Lowcn-Sahui), Fr. Max. Abbild. 
specific characters. 
The Hair black ; on the arms and round the face, bright red ; on the 
forehead and the upper part of the tail, light yellow. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
Although there are obscure notices of this very remarkable and beauti- 
ful animal in the writings of Desmarest and Kuhl, yet we believe it is 
chiefly to Prince Maximilian of Neuwied that we are indebted for accu- 
rate information regarding it. In his work on the Natural History of the 
Brazils, he remarks, “ This exquisite Sahii (the Brazilian name) is one of 
the most beautiful ornaments of the great primordial forests of the Ilheos 
and the Rio Pardo. The traveller must proceed for four or five days’ journey 
from the coast before he encounters them, but after this they will be often 
seen. These small animals, notwithstanding their insignificant dimen- 
sions, which amount to only six inches and a half for the body, and fif- 
teen for the tail, have often contributed to our support when we were 
ranging these vast deserts.” 
The face, body, lower limbs, and greater part of the tail, is of a beau- 
tiful black colour. The hair which surrounds the face and that of the 
neck is extraordinarily long, and its general colour is of a fiery red, more 
or less mixed with yellow j such, too, is the colour of the fore-arm, of the 
tail, and, though darker, of the upper part of the foot. Near the ear the 
hue is chestnut colour, and a mixture of this shade pervades the chest. 
The Prince truly remarks, that could they be domesticated in this country, 
they would be regarded as beautiful pets. 
12. HAPALE LEONINUS._LEONINE MARMOUSET. 
Syn, Midas Leoninus Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Jacchcs Lkoninds.— 
Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA Leonina. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 36. 
Icon. Humb. Obs. Zool. pi. 5. 
specific characters. 
The Hair olive-brown ; on the back striped with yellowish-white ; 
a thick mane of olive-brown. 
The Face black; whitish on the nose and lips. 
Inhabits the eastern plains of the Andes. 
This species, which was discovered by Baron Humboldt, has been 
described by him as of the size of the Red-handed Marmouset ; the upper 
part of the face is black, the lower, including a part of the nose, whitish. 
The fur, genemlly. is of an olive-brown, with a heavy mane of the same 
colour; the back is striped with yellowish-white. The tail, wliich is of 
the same length with the body, is black on its upper, and brown on its 
under side. The hand.s, feet, and nails, are deep black. 
In its native district this little animal has received the appellation of 
Leoncito de Mocoa, and hence, probably, its specific name as given by 
Humboldt. It is a very rare species. It inhabits the plains of the eastern 
slope of the Cordilleras of the Andes, especially the fertile banks of the 
Putumays and Coqueta ; it never mounts even to the elevation of tem- 
perate regions. It is one of the smallest and most elegant of the Monkeys ; 
it is gay and playful ; but like many of its congeners, very irascible. When 
provoked, it bristles up its mane, so acquiring some kind of resemblance 
to the African Lion. Our traveller only saw two ; they were kept in a 
cage, and their movements were so rapid and constant, that he could 
scarcely take a sketch of them. The Mocoa Indians breed them exten- 
sively in a domestic state. Their whistle is not unlike the singing of some 
small birds. 
13. HAPALE CHRYSOPYGUS.— NATTERER’S MARMOUSET. 
Syn. Midas chrysopygds. — Natterer. 
Icon. Jacchus CHRYSOPYGUS. — Mikan, Delect Flor. et Faun. Bras. 
specific characters. 
The Hair black ; on the buttocks, thighs, and inner surface of the 
legs, golden yellow. 
Inhabits St Paolo, Brazil. 
For our acquaintance with this very striking and elegant little animal, 
we are indebted to the active Naturalist Natterer, who has sent several 
specimens to Vienna. In that city it fell under the examination of 
M. Mikan, who has furnished a most beautiful drawing of it in his superb 
work on the Flora and Fauna of Brazil. Its size is between ten and 
eleven inches from the crown of the head to the origin of the tail, which 
is fourteen inches long. Its face, of a light olive hue, is nearly free from 
hair ; its forehead is a bright orange. Its long flowing locks divide on 
the head, and descend gracefully over the back and shoulders. Its body 
and upper extremities are thickly clad with a shining black vestment ; 
and its feet and tail are of the same colour : its trowsers, the only re- 
maining part of its covering, are of a bright golden colour, and have con- 
ferred upon it the above specific name. 
Of its peculiar habits M. Natterer has sent no accounts, and they are 
hence unknown. 
U. HAPALE MELANURUS.— BLACK-TAILED MARMOUSET. 
, Syn. Jacciius melanurus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX.— Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA melanurus. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair yellowish-brown above, greyish-yellow beneath; on the 
tail, black. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This animal, of whose habits nothing is yet known, is of a yellowish- 
brown above, becoming deeper on the lumbar region, and also on the 
head. The face is brown ; beneath the neck, breast, and belly, the hair 
is of a greyish-yellow ; the limbs are still browner than the head ; and 
the anterior surface of the thighs is of a yellowish colour, which reaches 
to the haunches, and is divided off from the brown of the hinder parts 
by an oblique line ; the tail is of a uniform brownish-black. 
According to M. Kuhl, this species serves to connect the Proper Mar- 
mousets with the Tamarins. 
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
1. The Fair Monkey (Penn. Quadr. No. 145), which is identical 
with Le Mico, illustrated by Buft’on, Hist. Nat. XV. pi. 18, and by 
Audeb. Sing., — the Jacchus argentatus of Geoffrey and Desmarest, and 
the SiMiA ARGENTATA of Linnteus and Humboldt is very plausibly con- 
jectured by Isidore Geoffrey- St- Hilaire to be an albino variety of the 
Black-tailed Marmouset just described. It is of a uniform silvery white : 
the tail black ; the face and hands reddish. Kuhl notices a specimen with 
the tail also white. 
2. Jacchus albicollis (Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 25) is con- 
jectured by some writers to be a variety of the Common Marmouset. Tlie 
auricular pencils of the hinder part of the head, neck, and throat, are 
white ; the fore-part of the head is brown, mixed with white hairs. 
3. Midas PYGM.fEus (Spix, Ibid. pi. 24, fig. 2), of a diminutive size, 
variegated with yellow and grey above, reddish beneath ; the tail, which 
is longer than the body, is annulatcd with black and yellow. Found on 
the banks of the Solimoens. 
4. Midas bicolor (Spix, Ibid. pi. 24, fig 1), with the head, neck, breast, 
and fore limbs, white, tlie remainder brown; the tail ferrugineous. Found 
near the Rio Negro. 
IMAGINARY SPECIES. 
1. Midas fuscicollis (Spix, Ibid. pi. 20), a male. 
2. Midas niobicollis (Ibid. pi. 28), a male. 
3. Midas mystax (Ibid. pi. 29), a female. 
These are varieties of Hapale labiatus already described. 
