192 
ORDER QUADRUMANA— GENUS LICHANOTUS. 
is black ; its ears short and round ; the summit of its head, temples, cheeks, 
and under part of the neck, are of a dull white ; a black line runs from 
the face, and extends to the crown of the head. All the body is of a yel- 
lowish-red colour, and the tail, much more slender than that of the Ma- 
caco, is l)lack at its extremity. 
10. LEMUR CINEREUS GREY LEMUR. 
Syn. Lemur CINEREUS Geoff. Mag. Encyc. I. p. 20 Desm. Mam. 
Icon. Le Griset. — Audeb. Sing. — Copied in Schreb. pi. 40, C. 
Petit Maki. — B uff. Hist. Nat. Suppt. VII. pi. 84. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair grey, tipped with yellow above; whitish beneath ; the point 
of the tail yellowish. 
Some degree of doubt for some time hung over this last species, but 
it is now considered as unquestionably distinct. Stuffed specimens, we be- 
lieve, are common in Paris ; and Buffbn described it from an individual 
discovered by Sonnerat ; Audebert has also given us a description. 
The Grey Lemur is a very pretty little animal, only ten inches long 
from the tip of the snout to the origin of the tail, which is somewhat 
longer. Its hair is mouse-grey towards its root, yellowisli at its extremity, 
and frizzled like the wool of the Merino Sheep. Thougli its snout is not 
so prominent as that of the other Lemurs, its physiognomy is more delicate, 
and its movements lighter. The whole of the body is covered with this 
grey fur tipt with yellow ; the under parts are almost white ; the tail is 
yellow at its point. 
DOUBTFUE SPECIES. 
1. Lemur Anjuanensis (GeofF. Ann. Mus. XIX.) was considered by 
M. Fred. Cuvier to be the female of tlie White-fronted Lemur. How- 
ever, a pair of specimens of this latter animal, exhibited in London, re- 
sembled each other precisely (see Linn. Trans. XIII. p. 624), so that 
the question of their identity still remains doubtful. 
2. Lemur nicer (GeoiF. Ann. Mus. XIX.), entirely black, with long 
hairs hanging from the neck, is not very distinctly established. It is 
figured by Edwards (Gleanings, pi. 217; under the name of the Black 
Maucauco. 
3. Le Maki a gorge blanche (F. Cuv. et GeofF. Hist. Mam.) 
In the year 1834, M. F. Cuvier published a beautiful representation 
and a good description of a Lemur, of whose species he still remained 
doubtful. This animal was a female ; and though satisfied it was not 
a Mococo, a Fart, an albifrons, Mongnz, nor Red Lemur, yet still it might 
be the mate of some other of the previously described species. This ani- 
mal possessed the size, proportions, and general physiognomy of the Mon- 
gooz ; its snout was grey, with the exception of the muzzle, which was 
violet-coloured ; round the eyes it was black. The head, as far as the 
ears, the neck, shoulders, and upper extremity, were grey ; the lower part 
of the under jaw, the sides of the head as fiir back as the ears, and the 
under part of the neck and chest, were white. The ears were of a dark 
flesh colour ; the back to the tail, the sides of the body, the belly, thighs, 
and logs, were fawn-coloured ; the hands and feet were greyish j the first 
half of the tail was of a dull fawn grey, and the other half was blackish. 
All the naked parts of the body had a violet hue. We have been the 
more particular in tracing these external colourings, that others may assist 
in determining the species. 
Like many of the female Lemurs, this individual was of an extremely 
sweet disposition. It was strongly attached to its owner — a lady, who 
was very fond of it, but obliged, however, to part with it, to their mu- 
tual regret, and so much did this affect the poor animal, that it sank 
under grief, but retaining its accustomed amiability to the last. This re- 
gret was manifested by its inactivity. It sat still with arms crossed, ne- 
glecting wanton amusement, and hanging the head on its breast. At first it 
ate a little, as in brighter days, but gradually its strength and appetite de- 
clined, cough supervened, and in a few days it died. 
IMAGINARY SPECIES. 
1. Lemur collaris (Le Maki ii fraise) is a duplicate of Lemur albi- 
manus described above. 
It should be mentioned here, that many of the differences noted above 
as specific are, in all probability in some instances, only sexual. It is still 
more probable that many species still remain undescribed and unknown. 
GENUS II. LICHANOTUS.— INDRIS. 
Syn. Les Indris. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 108. 
LICHANOTUS.' — Illig. Prodr. 72. 
Inbri. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 
Lemur (in part). — Linn. Gmel. I. 
GENERIC CHARACTERS. 
The Head triangular. The Muzzle pointed. 
The Ears short and rounded. The Eyes directed forwards. 
The Dental Formula F, ‘ ‘ imperfectly known. 
|2-|-C-I-(. F . . . )M ^ 
The Tarsus shorter than the tibia. 
The First Finger only of the hinder hand with a claw. 
The Mammze two. 
Inhabit Madagascar. 
The Indris, in respect to their dentition, coincide [as far as known] 
with the Lemurs, excepting that they have only four [incisors] in 
the lower jaw. 
This genus is very readily distinguished from the neighbouring ones of 
the Lemurian family, by its having only four incisors in each Jaw. Those 
of the upper jaw form pairs, the centre ones having their edge concave, 
whilst in tlie two lateral they are conve.x. The lower incisors are conti- 
guous, and are especially remarkable as regards their direction, being al- 
most quite horizontal ; the side ones are somewhat larger, and are rounded 
externally. The canines are slightly separated from the incisors. 
1. LICHANOTUS BREVICAUDATUS SHORT-TAILED 
INDRI. 
Syn. Lemur iNDRt. — Linn. Grael. 
Indri BREVICAUDATUS. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX — Desm. Mam. 
Indri NIGER Lacepede. 
Indri Macauco. — Penn. Quadr. No. 147. 
Icon. LTndrl — A udeb. Sing. — Sonner.* * Voy. II. pi. 88. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair brownish-black; a large spot on each side, reddish above, 
and yellowisli below ; the crupper and tail white. 
The Tail very short. 
This species, the only one distinctly known, [almost] without a 
tail, is three feet high, black, with a grey face, and white buttocks. 
Tlie inhabitants of Madagascar tame the short-tailed Indri, and eveii 
train it, like a Dog, for the chase. 
The name Indri, in the language of Madagascar, denotes Man-of-the- 
Woods, and notwithstanding its inferior size, it possesses many claims to 
the appellation. M. Audebert, indeed, remarks, tliat the Indri, of all 
known animals, bears altogether the closest resemblance to Man ; and 
this not only in its general contour, but also in its several proportions. We 
must, however, add, that the differences are most conspicuous ; the head 
is shaped somewhat like that of a Fox; there is a tail, though it is very 
short ; and the hind feet are truly hands, making it completely quadru- 
manous. 
It has been stated above, that this Maki is tamed and reared to the 
chase. This circumstance is the more worthy of observation, because 
most of the animals wliich Man has domesticated and taught to assist him 
in hunting, are themselves of predatory habits, as, for example, the Dogs, 
the Weasels, the Chetah, and the Falcons. The Indri, on the other 
hand, feeds wholly on vegetables, and is, moreover, a harmless creature, 
delighting in fruits, and having no thirst for blood. 
This animal is three feet and a half high ; and the lower limbs are very 
nearly equal in length to the body ; its snout is long, and the ears are 
short and round ; the tail is remarkably short. All the nails on the ex- 
tremities are fiat (with the exception of that of the first finger of tlie 
hinder hand, which is a strong claw), and terminate in a very acute point, 
in which respect they possibly differ from those of Mau. In colour it is 
almost black ; its fur is silky and abundant. The muzzle, the arm-pits, 
and lower part of the abdomen, are grey, and the buttocks are white, 
where also the hair is woolly, and curled as in the Sheep. Its eye is 
white and very lively ; its cry like that of a weeping child. 
1 Lichanotus From A/pi'aj'OS, the first finger. 
* Sonner. Voy, — .Voyage aux Indes Orientales et a la Chine fait par ordre dn Roi, depuis 1774 a 1781, par M. Sonnerat. Paris, 1782. 
