THE 
ANIMAL KINGDOM. 
THE FIRST CLASS OF THE VERTEBRATED ANIMALS. 
MAMMALIA — MAN AND BEASTS — Continued. 
THE CARNASSIERS OF CUVIER. 
SYNONYMS. 
Les Caenassiers. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 110. 
Caenassibrs. — Ham. Smith, Syn. p. 53. 
Fer/e, (Raubthiere.) — Voigt. Thierr. I. 105. 
Carnivora, (Fleischfressende Thiere.) — Schinz Thierr. 1. 150. 
The Carnassiers form a large and varied group of unguiculated 
Mammalia, possessing three kinds of teeth, like Man and the Qua- 
drumana, but having no opposable thumbs on the fore extremities. 
They (all) feed on animal substances, and more exclusively in pro- 
portion as their molars are more trenchant. Those which have their 
molar teeth partly tuberculous feed more or less also upon vege- 
table substances, and those having them studded with conical points 
derive their subsistence chiefly from Insects. The articulation of 
the lower jaw, directed crosswise, and compressed like a hinge, ad- 
mits of no horizontal movement, and confines the motion of the jaw 
to opening and shutting. 
The cerebrum, still rather furrowed, has no third lobe, and, as 
in the succeeding divisions, does not cover the cerebellum. Their 
orbits are not separated in the skeleton from the temporal fossoe. 
The cranium is narrowed, and the zj'gomatie arches are remote 
and elevated, to give more volume and strength to the muscles of 
the jaw. The sense of smelling is most perfectly developed in 
them, and their pituitary membrane is generally extended over 
very numerous bony laminse. The fore-arm can still rotate in 
most of them, although with less facility than in the Quadruraana, 
and they never have thumbs on the fore-limbs capable of opposing 
the fingers. Their intestines are not capacious, on account of the 
substantial nature of their food, and to avoid the putrefaction which 
flesh would undergo from remaining too long in an elongated canal. 
In other respects, their forms, and the details of their organiza- 
tion, vary much, and draw along with them corresponding variations 
in their modes of life, to such an extent that it becomes impossible 
to arrange the genera in one group. It beeomes necessary to form 
several families, which are difierently related to each other, accord- 
ing to these multiplied variations. 
M. Cuvier accordingly divides his Carnassiers into the families of Cheiropteres, Insectivores, Carnivores, &c. ; but as there are many and 
strong objections to this arrangement, as he himself was aware, we prefer adopting the views of other first rate authorities, and consider 
the Chiroptera as a distinct order. 
ORDER III.-CHIROPTERA. 
MAMMALIA WITH FOUR DISTINCT UNGUICULATED LIMBS ; THREE KINDS OF TEETH ; NO MARSUPIAL 
BONES ; THE LIMBS UNITED ON EACH SIDE BY A MEMBRANE. 
synonyms. 
ChiroptAres ou AlipAdes — Dum. Zool. Anal. p. 11. 
Les CHEiROPTiRES Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. Ill Desm. Mam. p. 107. 
Chiroptera and Galeopithecus — Fisch. Syn. Mam Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pref. 
Primates, (in part.) — Linn. Gmel. I. 
VoLiTANTiA, (Flatterfusser.) — Illig. Prodr. 1 16. 
CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. 
General Form adapted for flight or vaulting. 
Membranes extending between the four limbs and the fingers of the anterior pair. 
The Mamm.® pectoral, co/e iibcro pendulo. 
The Clavicles very strong. The Shoulder-blades broad. 
The Fore- Arm incapable of rotation. 
VOL. II. 
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