GENUS PTEROPUS. 
6 
darker than the neck, so as often to be quite black, though usually it is 
of a very deep chestnut hue ; whilst black or dark brown pervades the 
extremities. 
Temminck informs us, that this is the only one of the larger species, 
in which Ue old males have a bunch of unctuous hairs, proceeding from a 
common centre, at the side of the neck ; though it is not so apparent as 
in the smaller kinds, since the bushy hairs do not differ in colour from the 
others, and they are all of the same length. He also remarks, that those 
from Madagascar differ from those obtained in the Indian Peninsula and 
Ceylon only in having the face blacker, and the orange hue upon the 
neck more conspicuous. 
Edwards, to whom these immense sized Bats were more a novelty than 
they now are, seems to have been shocked at the appearance of this 
” Great One and, after insisting on the accuracy of his drawing, tells 
us, that from it “ an idea of this Fiend may be formed." He adds, that 
when wounded by a gun they are very fierce, snapping at, and biting 
those who offer to t;ike them. He was also informed that they dipped 
into the sea for fish. Major Sykes, in his very recent work, “ Cata- 
logue of the Animals of the Deccan,” {Duhhun,) remarks, that there the 
animals of the same troop differ remarkably in their external markings. 
“ The native Portug\iese,” he continues, “are the only individuals who 
eat this Roussette, but I can certify that its flesh is delicate, and free from 
all disagreeable flavour.” 
4.. PTEROPUS FUNEREUS — FUNEREAL ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Roussette TO.vkBBE.— Pteropus FiJNEiiEUs.--Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 
63. 
Icon. Tcmm. Mon, Mam. II, pi. 35, fig. 4, (head.) 
SPECIFIC CHAIIACTERS. 
The Head small. The Ears large. The Interfemoeal Membrane 
deeply divided, and of equal breadth at the coccyx and feet. 
The Hair varying in colour from dark brown and grey to black. 
Inhabits the East Indian Archipelago. 
The dimensions of the Funereal Roussette are smaller than those of 
the Edulis, and the head is proportionally much less, whilst the ears are 
larger ; the interferaoral membrane is very deeply divided, and of equal 
breadth at the coccyx and feet ; this membrane is covered with hair above, 
and at its base only below. There is no anomalous molar in the upper 
jaw, where the incisors arc broad and uniform, whilst they are small and 
in pairs beneath. The robe is very dark, short, rough, and somewhat 
frizzled and shining on the back ; the alar membranes are well clad 
above, as is the interfemoral, which is, however, bare near the foot, and 
also near the coccyx underneath. The following markings, varying pro- 
bably according to age, and the season of the year, have been enumerated 
by Temminck: 1. Quite black, except at the back of the neck, where 
there is a slight deep chestnut marking. 2. Shining black on the lower 
parts of the head ; dull black on the back, with a meagre coat ; bright red 
on the occiput and nape of the neck ; and dark chestnut on the sides of 
the neck, 3. Face, neck, and chest, quite black, belly dark brown j nape 
dull brown ; back olive brown. 4. Under portions quite black ; sides of 
the neck chestnut ; nape very bright golden red ; back, ash-grey. In the 
young, whose covering is more copious, it is of a uniform dark brown, 
except at the nape and neck, which are of a dull brown. This species 
has never been previously characterized or precisely distinguished from 
the two preceding, with which it may easily be confounded. Hence the 
necessity for details. 
The habits of this animal do not differ from those of the other larger 
kinds. The superb Leyden Museum possesses twelve specimens derived 
from four islands of the Indian Archipelago, namely, Timor, Amboyna, 
Borneo, and Sumatra. Those of Timor and Borneo are, in their mark- 
ings, precisely similar. 
5. PTEROPUS PlIzEOPS.— -BLACK-FACED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Roussette a face .voir — Pteropus phaiops Temm. IMon. Mara. 
I. 178, II. 65. 
Icon. Tcmm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 35, fig. 3, (head,) pi. 36, fig. 1, 2, (cranium,) 
and 3, (teetli.) 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Body stout and short. The Muzzle long. The Ears short 
and pointed. The Interfemoral Membrane broad on the tibia, rudi- 
tnentary along the coccyx. 
Ihk Hair varying from brown to bright yellow and red. 
Inhabits Macassar and Amboyna. 
1 he Black-faced Roussette is of the same dimensions as Edwards’ ; its 
ody is stout and short ; the muzzle long ; the eyes further removed from 
VOL. II. 
the nostrils than from the ears, which are short and pointed ; the inter- 
feraoral membrane is broad on the tibia, but narrow along the coccyx, and, 
reduced to a rudimentary state, is scarcely seen, hid by the long hair. There 
is no anomalous molar in the upper jaw ; in the under it is isolated, and 
flat on the crown ; the incisors above are small and regularly placed, but 
in the inferior maxillary are crowded and compressed by the canines. The 
face is of a deep black colour ; the rest of the head, the neck, and shoul- 
ders, a pale yellow ; the cheek, a bright golden-red ; and the hairs in every 
other part of the body have a twofold colour, being brown at their base, 
and bright yellow at their points. The wings approximate to each other 
on the back to within half an inch ; and in the old of both sexes the back 
is quite naked ; in the young it is clad with black and shining hair. 
It inhabits Macassar in the Island of Celebes ; also Amboyna. 
6. PTEROPUS POLIOCEPHALUS.— GREY-HEADED 
ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Roussette a tete cendree. — Pt'eropus poliocephalus.— Temm. Mon. 
M-im. I. 179, II. 66. 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair on the head dark grey ; on the shoulders rosy chestnut ; else- 
where grey above ; yellowish beneath. 
The Interfemoral Membrane rudimentary. The Coccyx free, hairy. 
The Ears pointed and naked. 
Inhabits New Holland and Van Diemen’s Land. 
The size of this Roussette is somewhat less than that of our first spe- 
cies, the Edulis, and its body is shorter and stouter. The interfemoral 
membranes are reduced to a more rudiment ; the coccyx is free, and co- 
vered with long hair ; the robe is abundant over the whole body, and 
over the extremities ; the incisors of the lower jaw are somewhat sepa- 
rated from each other; the ears, of moderate dimensions, are pointed and 
quite naked. All the upper parts of the head, the cheeks, and throat, 
are of a dark ash-colour, mixed with some black hairs ; the ash-colour 
shades off into grey towards the crown of the head, and a longitudinal 
band of this tint appears on the chanfrin. The whole of the nape, shoul- 
ders, and a part of the front of the neck, are of a beautiful rosy chestnut 
hue ; this colour is separated by a dark ash-coloured band, which extends 
over the rest of the body : all the back and chest present a mixture of 
ash-coloured and black hairs, somewhat lighter on the crupper and outer 
sides of the hind-feet, and approximating to yellow, which colour, of a 
deeper tint, pervades the .abdomen, and the inner side of the feet ; the 
fore-arm and adhering part of the membrane are clad with brown hair. 
The markings of the female agree with those of the male ; her dimensions 
being somewhat less. 
The habitat of the Ash-headed Roussette is New Holland and Van 
Diemen’s Land ; its habits exactly correspond with those already related. 
7. PTEROPUS CHRYSOPROCTUS GOLDEN-NECKED 
ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Roussette a Croupion Dork— Pteropus Chrysopeoctus Temm. 
Mon. Main. II. pi. 67. 
Icon, Temm. Ulon. Mam. II, pi. 35, fig. 2, (head.) 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The H.air on the head bright golden-red ; on the back chestnut ; 
blackish beneath. 
The Interfemoral Membrane broad at the heel ; rudimentary at the 
coccyx. 
Inhabits the Moluccas and New Guinea. 
This species was introduced to the notice of Naturalists in the year 
1838, by M. Temminck, from four specimens obtained by Messrs Mack- 
lot and Muller, in their voyage to the Moluccas and New Guinea. Its 
native country is Amboyna, wlicre it feeds upon mellow and succulent 
fruits, whose fibrous portions are rejected, so that it taps and enjoys the 
fruit, without swallowing the pulp, or devouring the harder parts. 
Its dimensions are somewhat less than No. 4, the Funereal. The in- 
terfemoral membrane, somewhat broad at the heel, slopes away, and is 
nearly rudimentary, so that at the coccyx it is hid under the fur; the ears 
are straight and pointed ; the upper incisors are broad and free, the under 
are small, and in pairs ; there is no false molar in the upper jaw ; that of 
the lower one is short and obtuse. The robe generally is long, rough, 
and frizzly ; upon the b<Tck it is silky, smooth, and shining ; the muzzle is 
covered with a few transparent hairs. The adult mate is chestnut-coloured 
round the eyes and on the chin ; the head, all the neck, and the chest 
and shoulders, are of a very lively golden-red colour ; the back, as lar as 
the loins, of a shining dark chestnut; the lumbar region, the coccyx, and 
B 
