8 
ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS PTEROPUS. 
back ; the thumb is very long. All the membranes are of a deep black 
colour. The incisors are equal, and symmetrically arranged; there is a 
small anormal tooth in the upper jaw, and a larger one in the lower, with 
four molars above, and five below. The fur lies close on the back, and is 
brown ; it is more copious, and somewhat more curled, on the nape of the 
neck and inferior parts. The hairs on the middle of the back are nearly 
black, but mixed with a few ash-coloured, whilst on the sides of the back, 
towards the limit of the portion covered with hair, there is a long band in 
form of a cross, the ash-colour of which predominates over the black. 
The whole of the nape, as well as the shoulders, are covered with a 
frizzly fur of a pale reddish-yellow, which half collar terminates in a point 
at the sides of the chest. The head and throat are a very deep fawn 
brown j the chest has a russet tinge, and all the other inferior parts are 
black, mixed with grey hairs. The ears are very small, and somewhat 
rounded ; the long coccygeal hairs hide the rudimentary membrane with 
which it is surrounded. Temminck states that he has seen individuals 
in which the yellow collar is of a lighter colour, and others in which it is 
ash-coloured. 
This species has been found only in the Marian Islands. 
16. PTEROPUS DUSSUMIERI DUSSUMIER’S ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. RofsSETTE Dussdmieb Pteeopus DussomEar Isid. Geoff, in 
Belanger, Voy. aux Indes Orient, p. 98. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 
76. 
Icon. 
SPECiriC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair of the face and nape brown ; on the chest russet brown ; on 
the back and abdomen a mi.xture of brown and white. 
Inhabits Amboyna and the Indian Continent. 
M. Isidore Geoffroy-St-Hilaire has supplied a description of this Rous- 
sette discovered in the Continent of India by the distinguished Naturalist 
whose name it bears. The face and throat are brown ; the abdomen and 
back with a mixture of brown and white hairs ; those on the back lie 
close. The upper part of the chest is russet brown ; and the sides of 
the neck, and all the space on the posterior aspect of the body, from the 
ears to the insertion of the wings, are of a reddish fawn colour. The 
reddish marking of its throat, and anterior part of the neck, distinguish it 
from the previous species, (Keraudren’s.) 
Amboyna and the Indian Continent are considered its native regions. 
17. PTEROPUS VANIKORENSIS.— THE VANIKORO 
ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. ROUSSETTE de Vanikoro Pteropus Vanikorensis. — Quoy ct Gaira. 
Zool. de I’Astr. p. 77 Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 78. 
Icon. ROUSSETTE DE TONGA. — Quoy ct Gaim. Zool. de I’Astr. pi. 9, Male. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair, on the neck and shoulders, yellowish-red ; on the back 
grey. 
The Membranes dark brown. Interfemoral Membrane narrow and 
much sloped. The Head large. The Muzzle short and cylindrical. 
The Ears long, black, and pointed. 
Inhabits Vanikoro. 
The Roussette of the Vanikoro Island, according to Quoy and Gai- 
raard, is about the size of Keraudren's, (No. 15.) It differsfrom it, however, 
in having a shorter muzzle, which is most conspicuous in the crania. Its 
robe is lighter in colour and less silky ; its head less black ; and its collar 
or cloak, fawn-red, descends further on the back. The head is large, the 
forehead rounded ; the muzzle large and cylindrical ; the nostrils well se- 
parated, the ears long, black, and pointed- The muzzle and cheeks are 
of a reddish-brown colour, which becomes darker on the crown. The 
occiput and sides of the neck, as welt as the shoulders, are of a yellowish- 
red, and all the back brown mixed with grey. The under part of the 
neck is reddish-brown ; the abdomen is brown, with some hairs longer 
than others and whitish ; those of the arm are long and sleek ; on part of 
the fore-arm there is a scanty wool of a deep red colour. The membranes 
are of a brown, almost black ; the interfemoral is narrow, and much 
sloped. The nails of the feet appear smaller than usual. 
In Vanikoro, where it is called Lequehe, it does not appear to be very 
abundant. 
18. PTEROPUS TONGANUS.— THE TONGA ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Roussette DE Tonga. — Pteropus Tonganus. — Q uoy et Gaim. Zool. de 
I’Astr. p. 74' Temm. Mon. Mam. II. p. 79. 
Icon. Roussette de Tonga. — Zool. de I’Astr. pi. 8. — Female and white va- 
riety, cranium and teeth, &c. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair, on the abdomen, brown ; on the shoulders bright red ; on 
the back black. 
The Muzzle black. The Ears black and pointed. The Interfe- 
MORAL Membrane sloping towards the heel. The Membranes brown. 
Inhabits Tonga-tabou, one of the Friendly Islands. 
Quoy and Gairaard are again our only authorities for this Roussette. 
They report it to be of medium size between Keraudren’s and Dussu- 
mier's. Its collar does not quite meet in front as in the former of these. 
The abdomen is brown, somewhat red, and without any mixture of white 
hairs. The wings are lighter ; the muzzle, differently coloured, is more 
pointed, which imparts a fierce look to the animal. The back of the 
head, and as far down as the shoulders, is of a bright red ; the cheeks and 
muzzle are sombre red, becoming still darker upon the middle of the head ; 
the back is almost black ; the throat and abdomen of a deep brown, with 
a few reddish markings. The hair on the posterior part of the body is 
long, thick, and abundant ; that of the nape is somewhat shaggy, whilst 
that of the back is silky and lies close ; that on the abdomen is coarser 
and more woolly. The muzzle is black, as are the nostrils. The ears are 
black, of medium size, and rather pointed. The long hairs about the 
mouth and eyes are also black. The arras and thighs are thinly clad with 
short hair. The superbrachial membrane is covered in front with a few 
soft hairs ; the interfemoral, acutely sloping, extends to the heel ; the 
thumb and its claw are proportionally larger, and that of the fore-finger 
is also strong; all the claws and membranes are brown. 
‘ The individual from which the above description was taken was a 
young one, as was also another characterized as a white variety. In this 
latter there is a close general similarity, extending even to the character 
of the fur. The chief differences are in the colour. That of the abdo- 
men is light red ; the ears, nails, and membranes, are of a pale yellowish- 
white. 'Fhe teeth are as in Keraudren’s. 
These Roussettes were found in great abundance upon the Island of 
Tonga-tabou, one of the Friendly Islands group. They peculiarly de- 
light in the Casuarina tree, where they assemble in hundreds. They fly 
about in bright day, and in spite of the intensity of the light, as has already 
been remarked of several other species. 
19. PTEROPUS GRISEUS.— THE GREY ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. La Roussette Grise. — Pteropus Griseus. — G eoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 
94. — Temm. Mon. Mara. I. 187, II. 81. 
Icon. La Roussette Grise. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. T. XV. pi. 6. 
Roussette Grise. — Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pi. II, II. pL 35, fig. fi> 
(head.) 
specific characters. 
The Alar Membranes commencing very near the mesial line. The 
Interfemoral Membrane small in the members, and partly concealed at 
the coccyx. The Ears very short and pointed. 
The Hair brown, varied with red and grey. 
Inhabits the Island of Timor. 
The Grey Roussette is about seven or eight inches long, and measures 
two feet across the wings ; the ears are very short and pointed ; the side 
membrane rises from very nearly the mesial line of the back ; the interfe- 
moral membrane is small on the members, and rudimentary and partly bid 
at the cocevx. The upper incisors are small, and regularly arranged ; the 
inferior in pairs, and at a considerable distance from each other ; the su- 
perior molars exhibit the fine point of a false one, though scarcely visible 
to the naked eye ; there is a small false molar below, which is obtuse ; 
the false molars, after shedding, leave no traces behind. In the old male the 
markings are as follow : Middle of the abdomen brown, the end of hairs be- 
ing tipt with grey ; flanks greyish ; head grey, shaded with light brown ; 
nape, sides, and front of the neck, beautiful chestnut, passing on the shoul- 
ders to a golden hue ; the rest of the upper parts being light grey, from the 
points being white ; there is no vestige of a bushy tuft for the oily secre- 
tion in the neck. The old female is nearly wholly white ; the abdomen 
preserving a slight grey, and the back and sides of the neck a reddish hue. 
The common livery, however, of the adult is the head, nape, and part o 
the shoulders, reddish white or bright red ; descending from the shoulders 
all the other superior parts are of a greyish brown ; the fur having the 
brown tint of wine-lees, and the shining hairs being whitish grey ; it i® 
somewhat crisj) at the coccyx ; the cheeks and chin are of a dark greyis '- 
brown ; front of the neck a very light red ; the other inferior parts have 
an Isabella hue, the middle of the abdomen russet. Such are the mar '- 
ings of the greatest number of adult and old females. 
This species was discovered by Peroii at Timor. . 
20. PTEROPUS PERSONATUS THE MASKED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Roussette Masquee. — Pterofus Pebsonatus.— T emm. Mon. Ma 
I. 189. 
Icon, 
