12 
ORDER CHIROPTERA— GENUS PACHYSOMA. 
retreat except at the twilight, or after dark. Holes and crevices of trees 
are their habitual residences j their flight is rapid but irregular: their cry 
strong, and very piercing; and their bite painful. A penetrating and pe- 
culiar odour extends widely around them. 
1. PACHYSOMA TITTHAICHEILUM.— WART-LIPPED STOUT- 
BODIED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Ptekopus TrriHiECHEiUJS, (Roussette Masimilevre.) — Temm. Mon. 
Mam. I. 198. 
Pachysome mam.milevre. — Isid. Geoff, in Diet Class. d’Hist. Nat (art 
Roussette. ) 
Icon. Temm. Mon. Mara. II. pi. 35, 6g. 8, (head.)— I. pi. 15, Bg. 17 to 24., 
(crania and teeth.) 
SPECinc characters. 
The Hair russet-brown above, grey beneath ; on the neck, nape, and 
sides of the chest, bright rose colour, in the males only. 
The Upper Lip with two large warts separated by a furrow. 
The Tail short, enveloped, the point free. 
The Interfemorai. Membrane deeply sloped, naked beneath only. 
Inhabits Java, Sumatra, Cochin-China, and probably India. 
This Stout-bodied Roussette is about the size of the Pteropus JEgt/p- 
tiacus, (No. 23,) or a trifle larger. A small portion of the front of the 
neck is naked ; the muzzle is short, the eye nearer the nostrils than the ear ; 
this appendage is small, keel-shaped towards the point of the posterior 
margin, marked with transverse ridges towards its base, and fringed 
with a white border. The nostrils are widely separated, somewhat tu- 
bular ; on the upper-lip there are two large warts, separated by a furrow, 
and the lining membrane of both are dotted with small papillae. The tail 
is short, nearly wholly enveloped in the interfemorai membrane, its slender 
termination being alone free. The interfemorai membrane, deeply sloped, 
is clad above ; whilst its other surface, together with the four extremities, 
are naked. The incisors are slender and contiguous, the lower ones 
somewhat crowded ; there is a small anormal molar in both jaws ; the 
canines have a strong internal heel. The fur is fine, sleek, and very short, 
with the exception of that on the sides of the neck, and longer in the male 
than the female. The former has a tuft of diverging hair proceeding from 
a common centre, on each side of the neck, placed over odoriferous 
glands. 
In the male, the front of the neck, the tufts, the nape, and the sides of 
the chest, are of a beautiful rosy tint, more or less lively, and verging to 
orange in the old ; the superior parts of the body are russet-brown, the 
abdomen grey. The female, which is always larger than the male, has 
the superior parts of a greyish-brown, inclining to olive ; the under are 
olive-grey ; the front of the neck and upper part of the chest are naked, 
and the fringe round the ear is less distinct than in the male. Tbeyoung 
of a year old are throughout of a very light brownish-grey, and the tufts 
are whitish. The secretion from this glandular apparatus has a strong 
odour, which is more offensive at particular seasons of the year. 
2. PACHYSOMA MELANOCEPH ALUM.— BLACK-HEADED 
STOUT-BODIED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Pteropus melanocephalos, (Roussette melanocBphaie.) — Temm. 
Mon. Mam. I. 190. 
Pachysome mBlanocephale. — Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class. d’Hist Nat 
(art Roussette.)— B41ang. Voy. p. 97. 
Icon. Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pi. 12 — IL pl- 36, 6g. 10, (head.) 
specific characters. 
The Hair yellowish-white, tipped with grey above ; dull pale yellow 
beneath ; the head black. 
The Tail wanting. The Interfemoral Membrane rudimentary, and 
nearly concealed. 
Inhabits Java. 
We owe the discovery of this very small species, scarcely three inches 
lonn to M. Von Hasselt, who first became acquainted with it during a 
journey in the least frequented parts of the Island of Java ; the district 
was mountainous, but he found a small family of them suspended upon a 
tree. It is quite destitute of a caudal appendage; its ears are small, short, 
and round; the interfemorai membrane rudimentary, and nearly hid by the 
hair. The muzzle is very short ; the incisors contiguous and symmetri- 
cally arranged, the anormal tooth in both jaws is well marked. The fur 
is long and abundant, except on the front of the neck ; even the fore-arms 
and the legs are well clad. The hair upon the back is yellowish-white, 
tipt with dark grey ; the nape, crown, and muzzle, are black ; there is a 
uft on each side of the neck ; all the under parts of the body are of a dull 
pale yellow ; the skin itself is of a deep brown colour. 
3. PACHYSOMA BREVICAUDATUM — SHORT-TAILED STOUT- 
BODIED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Pachysome a courte queue, (P. brevicaudatum.)— Temm. Mon. Mam. 
II. 92.— Isid. Geoff, in DicU Class. d’Hist. Nat. (art. Roussette.) 
Icon. Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pl. 35, fig. 9, (head.) 
specific characters. 
The Hair reddish-olive above ; grey beneath ; the neck bright red ; the 
head ash-grey. 
The Tail very short. 
Inhabits Sumatra and the Continent of India. 
This species might readily be confounded with our No. 1, (P. titth(E- 
cheilum,') as far as regards its markings and the tufts on the neck ; but it is 
at once distinguished by the extreme shortness of the tail, which does not 
extend beyond the interfemorai membrane more than half a line. The 
head is small, the muzzle very short and obtuse, the margin of the ear is 
fringed as in No. 1. The incisors are small, and symmetrically arranged ; 
the canines are large and obtuse. The fur on the sides of the neck is long 
and strong, hiding the secreting apparatus ; the under parts are furnished 
with silky hairs ; in the adult, frequently the chin and front of the neck 
are almost naked. In the adult male the head is an ash-grey ; the sides 
of the neck bright red, the chest and abdomen grey', the flanks russet, the 
superior parts of an olive tint, more or less verging to red. In the female 
there are the following differences ; the long hair of the neck is reddish- 
grey, and the under parts are ash-coloured, whilst olive-brown prevails 
above. This species was first particularly described by M. Isidore Geof- 
froy, and was captured by Messrs Diard and Duvaucel in the Island of 
Sumatra. It has also been procured from India. 
4. PACHYSOMA ECAUDATUM.— BLUNT-NOSED STOUT- 
BODIED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Pachysome BcaudB, (P. ecaudatom.)— Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 94. 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair dark brown above, ash-grey beneath. 
The Muzzle obtuse. Nostrils projecting. The Tail w'anling. 
Inhabits Sumatra. 
The name applied by M. Temminck to this newly introduced species 
will not be regarded fortunate, when it is considered that the Melanoce- 
phalimi, which has long been known, is likewise destitute of the tail. 
This species is, however, remarkable for the shortness of its alar mem- 
branes, the great obtuseness of its muzzle, its projecting nostrils, and for 
having no fringe on the margin of the ear. Only one individual has been 
examined, and this an old female. Its fur was very short, of a pale grey 
colour at the nape and the sides of the neck, and sooty-brown on the head, 
and over the rest of the superior parts ; the ears are black, and without 
margins. The under parts of the body were of an ash-grey colour. The 
membranes are brown, and so are the fingers which support them. 
This specimen came from Sumatra. 
5. PACHYSOMA DIARDII — DIARD’S STOUT-BODIED 
ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Pachysome de Diard, (Pachysoma Diardii.)— Isid. Geoff, in Diet. 
Class. d’Hist. Nat., art Roussette. 
Icon. 
specific characters. 
The Hair brown above ; whitish or yellowish beneath ; the fore part 
of the neck naked. 
The Face very obtuse. The Tail long ; free for two-thirds of its 
length. 
Inhabits Sumatra. 
This species was discovered by Messrs Diard and Duvaucel in Sumatra, 
and first described by M. Geoffrey. Its fur is very short ; brown on the 
head, back, and arms, grey round the neck, and on the middle of the ab- 
domen, and greyish-brown on the flanks. Its tail is rather long, and ex- 
tends seven or eight lines beyond the interfemorai membrane. Its face is 
very obtuse, and there is a naked spot on the ftoDt of the neck. 
doubtful species. 
1. Pachysoma Duvaucelii, (Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class, d 
art. Roussette.) This species has very slender claims to be 
as real ; and Temminck. from actual examination, thought it belongea 
P, titthacheilum, our No. 1. 
