MACROGLOSSUS.— HARPYIA. 
13 
GENUS in. MACROGLOSSUS— GREAT-TONGUED 
ROUSSETTES. 
St/n. Pteropus, (in part.) — Temm. Mon. I. 191 Macroglosse. — F. Cuv. 
in Dents des Mamin, p. 40. — Mackoglossus. — Isid. Geoff, in Diet. 
Class. X I V. 705 — Macroglossa. — Less. Mam. p. 115. — Gray, in 
Mag. Zool. et Hot. p. 50‘k 
GENrnic characters. 
The Head elongated. The Mdzzle slender, almost cylindrical. 
The Tongue long, slender, and exsertile. 
The Alar Me.mbraneb arising from the sides of the back. 
The Dental Formula ’'2+^+ 
12+ C+ (F+5 M 18 
Inhabits the East Indian Archipelago. 
The Genus Macroglossiis constitutes the third of the Frugivorous Chi- 
roptera. The generic distinction consists not solely in the prolongation of 
the muzzle, or maxillary bones, hut also in the peculiar form of the in- 
termaxillary, which is not in them, as in most animals, a part of a circle 
more or less prominent, and projecting no farther than the canines, us 
in the Pachysomaand the Harpies, but in this genus forms an obtuse cone, 
for the support of the muzzle, contributing to its prolonged form. This 
prolongation varies not so much among individuals of different ages, as 
according to the localities in which the animals have lived. Thus, those 
from Sumatra have an exceedingly long snout j and those from Java have 
a somewhat shorter one than those from Timor ; that of the Amboyiia 
animals is remarkably short, compared with those from Sumatra ; whilst, 
in specimens from Celebes, the muzzle is much more slender, and a little 
longer than those from Amboyna. The local difference is great, but seems 
to depend solely upon the different lengths of the muzzle. 
1. MACROGLOSSUS MINIMUS KIODOTE OR GREAT- 
TONGUED ROUSSETTE. 
gyn. IhrEROPUS mini.mus, (La Robssette Kiodote.) — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV, 
97. — Temm. Mon. Mam. I. 191 Desin. Mam. Suppl. 
Macrogi.ossus minimus. — F. Cuv. in Dents Mam. — Isid. Geoff', in Diet. 
Class. 
Macroglo.ssa KIODOTF.S ct M. IIORSPiELDii. — Less. Mam. 115. 
Jeon. Kiodote. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Pteropus rostr-atus Horsf. Jav. 
Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pi. 15, tig. 25 to 30, (crania and teeth,) pi. 16, 
6g. 1, 2, (skeleton.) 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair light red, tinted with yellow above ; light russet beneath. 
The Interfemoral Membrane very narrow, covered with hair above. 
( The Tail rudimentary. 
Inhabits the East Indian Archipelago. 
This long-muzzled Bat was first discovered by M. Leschenault, in .lava, 
who called it Kiodote, supposing this to be the name applied to it by the 
natives. From M. Leschenault's notes, M. Geoffroy published a descrip- 
tion in the year 1810, and Dr Horsfield gave another from the ex.imina- 
tion of several specimens, in his Zoological Researches, in 18'24. He 
seems to have regarded it an undescrihed species ; and states that by tlie 
Javanese it is called Lowo-Assu, literally Bog-Bal. It was M. F. Cuvier 
who proposed to arrange it in a distinct genus, and for the following rea- 
sons, which appear perfectly satisfactory. 
It may be distinguished at first glance, not only from the Roussettes, but 
from every other kind of Bats, by its very prolonged and slender muzzle, 
which is also cyliiidiical and pointed, soinewliat like that of the Ant-eaters, 
The tongue also is cylindrical, long, and extensible, conforming to the 
shape of the siiout.( Finally, the teeth exhibit equally remarkable charac. 
ters ; for, notwithstanding the elongalioii of the muzzle, tlieir number is 
not augmented, and, what is remarkable, they are likewise of smaller di- 
mensions. Tlie whole of the jaw, moreover, is not supplied with teeth, 
especially the lower one, where a wide interval exists between the incisors 
of the right and left sides; another is found behind the first and second 
molar, and a third behind the last molar. 
To tliese more specific characters we have still to add, that the inter, 
femoral membrane is very narrow, extending, however, from the feet to 
the coccyx, where it encounters the slender rudiments of a tail. The lower 
jaw is placed at an acute angle, and projects beyond tlie tipper one : 
it is more slender than in any other species. The fur is short, close, and 
somewhat woolly. All the upper parts of the body are of a light red, 
somewhat tinted with yellow towards the root of the hairs. The under 
parts are of a light russet hue. The interfemoral membrane is clad above, 
and the hairs extend beyond the membrane ; the whole cutaneous system 
is of reddish hue. 
Dr Horsfield supplies the following information concerning the habits 
of the Lowo-Assu ; “ It is far less abundant than the KaUmg — (The 
Edible Roussette, No. I. ;) but it still exists in sufficient numbers to com- 
mit serious injury among the plantations and fruit trees. Like other 
species of Pteropus, it feeds on fruits of every description, but particular- 
ly infests the various species of Eugenia or Jambu, which are culti- 
vated in gardens. During the day it remains suspended under branches 
of trees, or retires under roofs of old houses and sheds. At night it 
sallies forth, like tlie species Pteropus.” 
It inliabits Java, Timor, and the surrounding islands. Its existence on 
the Continent of India has not yet been proved. 
GENUS IV. HARPYIA— TUBE-NOSED ROUSSETTES. 
Syn. Cephalotes, (in part.) — Geoff. Ann. Mus, XV. 104. 
VESPEBTiLtO, (in part.) — Linn. Gmel. I. 
Harpyia Illig. Prodr. p. 1 18. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 98. 
GENERIC characters. 
The Head large and broad. The Muzzle thick and very short. The 
Nose prolonged into two diverging tubes, round, cleft externally, and ter- 
minated with a projecting margin. 
^ The Alar Membrane arising from the sides of the back. 
The Thumb partly covered by the membranes. The Index with a 
third pluilanx and claw. 
Tub Dental Formula — 
In the Old, 
In the Middle Age, 
*1 + C+ (F+3J M_12^24. 
I...C+(F+4)M 12 
® 1 + C+ (F+3) 
ll + C+(F+4.)M 14 
Not well known in the Young. 
Inhabits Amboyna. 
This genus is founded upon a single .species, the Vespertilio Cephalotes 
of Pallas, well described and delineated in all its details by the eminent 
German Naturalist. Illiger, in his Prodromus, first constituted it into 
the genus Harpyia. M. Geoffroy associated it with anotlier of the 
Cliiropcera, described by Peron, classifying tliem under the genus Cephalo- 
tfs. M. Isidore Geoffroy, in liis monograph of the Frugivorous Bats, in 
1828, so often quoted above, demonstrated tlie necessity of separating the 
so-named Ceplialotes of Pallas from that of Peron, herein agreeing with 
Illiger in an arrangement which is now very generally adopted. M. Isi- 
dore Geoffroy applies tlie generic term Cephalotes to Pallas' species, and 
proposes the name Hypoderma for that of Peron. We agree with Tem- 
miiick in thinking tliis innovation unnecessary, and tlierefore follow llli. 
ger as to Pallas’ species, and apply the term Cephalotes to another 
group. 
The osseous cerebral covering of the Harpy Roussette is spheroidal and 
very large ; the zygomatic arches arc strong and much detached ; the 
lower jaw is long, tnucli rounded, very slender, and terminated by canines 
curved forward, completely inclosing the small upper incisors of the in- 
termaxillary bone. Tlie fore-finger of tliis Bat has a claw upon it, exhibit- 
ing in tliis particular a striking difference to the genus Cephalotes, which, 
altliongli it lias tlie terminal plialaiix, is destitute of the nail. It has also 
thirteen pair of ribs, and not fourteen, as in tliis last named genus. The 
tail is partly concealed in tlie interfemoral membrane, as in the succeeding 
genus; hut not to the same extent as in the preceding. The alar mem- 
brane rises from tlie sides, and covers tlie wliole of the metatarsal bones, 
extending to the middle finger, into which it is fixed, covering the two 
internal ones. Tlie incisors, as tliey have been called, in the lower 
jaw. have given rise to controversial reniaiks. In adopting the common 
nomenclature, we follow tlie example of most Naturalists ; altliough M. 
Geoffroy contends they are true canines, as Pallas liad pointed out before. 
It is quilt! true, tliat iliese teeth in this animal have the same direction 
and form ; anti M. Isidore Geoffroy has, moreover, remarked, that were 
we to extract tlie so designated incisor of the Harpyia, and tlie canine of 
tlie Pacliysoma, tiio most experienced eye could not determine any dif- 
ference between them. 
1. HARPYIA PALLASil.— PALLAS’ TUBE-NOSED ROUSSETTE. 
Syn. Vesfertilio cephalotes. — Linn. Gmel. I. p. 50. 
Cephalotes Pai.lasii. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 107. — Desm. Mam. 
Harpyia Pallasii. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 101. 
Moi.ticCA Bat.— Penn. Quadr. H. No. 503.— Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 134. 
Icon. VespertiliO cepiiai.otes — Pall. Spicil. Zool. 111. pi. 1, (skelet. &c.,) 
pi. 2. — Copied in Sehreli. Saiiglh, pi. 61. 
Harpyie de Pai.las. — Temm. Mon. Mam. 11. pi. ID, fig. 1 and 2,— 
(cranium and teeth,) fig. 3, 4, and 5. 
Cephaloie.— Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl, HI. pi. 25. 
VOL. II. 
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