14 
ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS CEPHALOTES. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair clear ash-brown above, whitish beneath ; on the tubes of 
the nose, ears, and tail, bright )'ellowish-brown. 
The Membranes yellowish-red, marked with irregular whitish spots. 
The Interfemoral cleft in the middle, partly covering the tail. The 
Tail short. 
Inhabits Amboyna. 
Pallas’ Tube-nosed Roussette possesses the same dimensions with the 
Common Bat of Europe, Vespertilio murinns. Its head is nearly oval ; its 
muzzle short and broad ; its nostrils prolonged into two diverging tubes, 
which are round, cleft in the outer side, and terminated by a projecting 
border. The upper lip also is cleft, and supplied with a double row of 
small whiskers ; there is also ashort tuft ofhairs above the eyes. The ears 
are wide apart, naked, round, and short ; there is a hooked nail upon the 
fore-finger, as well as upon the tilumb, of which the half is enveloped in the 
alar membrane ; the tail is covered above, and half concealed by the inter- 
femoral membrane, which is broad, and supported by the cartilages of the 
tarsi, which are short. The membranes of the wings arise from the sides ; 
they are very large, and completely cover the metatarsal bones, attaching 
themselves to the middle finger, differing in this particular from all the 
known Cliiroptera. The Anatomical details perfectly agree with those 
of the Roussettes, and, especially as regards the cranium, with the Paeby- 
somata 
The fur is somewhat long, and frizzled above ; short and smooth be- 
low ; the upper part of the fore-arm, the larger half of the arm, and the 
flank membranes are clad. In the male the superior parts are of a 
clear brownish-grey, whilst a deep brown line runs from the coccyx to the 
nape; at this point it divaricates to the shoulders. In the female the 
whole of the upper part of the fur is of a greyish-brown, more or less 
deep, and the dorsal line does not divide as in the male. In both the 
sexes the cheeks, chest, and the middle of the abdomen, are of an ash- 
white colour; the lower part of the arms and sides ash-coloured, tinted 
as with wine lees. The nasal tubes, ears, and tail, are of a clear yellowish- 
brown ; the membranes are of a yellowish-red, irregularly marked with 
whitish spots ; the iris is bright brown. 
The habits of this Roussette are wholly unknown. The elder Natu- 
ralists describe it as coming from the Moluccas ; MM. Macklot and 
Mullet sent it from Amboyna. 
membranes, instead of arising from the sides, unite together in the 
central axis of the back, to which they' adhere by a vertical and 
longitudinal hinge. Their incisors [being variable according to 
age] are often only two in number. 
The general form of the cranium of the Ceplialotes resembles that of 
the Roussettes, but differs from them, as well as in Pacliysoma, Har- 
pyia, and all the other known Cliiroptera, in possessing a very remarkable 
apparatus which takes the place of the intermaxillary bones, and which, 
with the Rliinolopbus, to be afterwards noticed, exhibits an anomaly 
which is altogether peculiar. In this animal tile intermaxillary bone is 
represented by two ossicula, detached from the maxillaries, and each 
supporting a small tooth ; these little bones are shaped somewliat like an 
S, are three lines long, depressed, and united to the extremity of the nasal 
bones by a cartilage close to the origin of the teeth. The muscular at- 
tachments confer on these bones, and consequently upon the teeth, the 
power of moving backwards and forwards, whilst in the other genus al- 
luded to, the motion is upwards and downwards ; both, however, being 
remarkable examples of moveable incisors in the class Mammalia. Be- 
sides this anomalous peculiarity, and wanting the nail of the fore-finger, 
the Ceplialotes is also destitute of the fibiilar bone, and has fourteen pair 
of ribs. The remarkably strong and disagreeable odour which this ani- 
mal exhales is probably produced by the secretions of the two consider- 
able glands of the check, the upper part of which, covered by the skin, 
is of a beautiful red colour. 
The external forms present another peculiarity of this genus which is 
not less striking. The wings do not spring from the sides as in the ma- 
jority of the Cliiroptera, or even from a small distance from the spinal 
ridge, as is the ctise with a few species of the Roussette, but the skin ex- 
tends continuously over the whole body of the animal, thus completely en- 
veloping it as with a cloak ; it is confined solely by a diaphanous integu- 
ment, adhering to the skin of the trunk along the dorsal ridge, and about 
a line in breadth. Only half of the thumb is enveloped iii tlie membrane, 
a character which, along with Pacliysoma and Harpyia, distinguishes 
it from the Roussettes. The alar membrane takes its inferior attach- 
ment as high lip as the metatarsal bones, and does not cover any of these 
bones, as in the Harpyia ; the toes are totally free as in the Roussettes. 
1. CEPHALOTES PERONII — PERON’S CEI’HALOTE. 
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
M. Rafinesque-Smaltz, in his Prodrome de Somiologie, has described a re- 
markable species of Bat from the Island of Sicily, under thenameofCEPHALO- 
TES T.SNIOTIS. It has two incisors in the upperjaw, and none in the lower ; 
the canines and molars are pointed ; there is no projecting crest upon the 
nose, and the tail is free for one half of its length. The fur is entirely of 
a greyish-brown, and a wart appears between the two incisors of the upper 
jaw. At present it remains doubtful whether this Bat should be referred 
to Harpyia or Ceplialotes, or even whether it may not form the type of a 
distinct genus. 
GENUS V. CEPHALOTES CEPHALOTES. 
Syn, CEPHALOTES Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 101. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 
103. 
li- Hvpoderma. — I sid. Geoff, in DicL Class. XIV. (arL Roussette.) 
GENERIC CHARACTERS. 
The Head very thick. The Muzzle short and truncated. The 
Nostrils slightly tubular, large. The Upper Lip cleft by a deep furrow. 
The Alar Membrane enveloping the entire body in a single piece, and 
adhering to the spine only by a transparent membrane. 
The Thumb Nail partly covered by the membrane. 
The Index having the third phalanx, hut without a Claw. 
The Dental Formula varying according to the age 
T u XT “24-C-f4.M 14 
Young (F-H5) M^ r 8 =^^ 
T . . , , siI4-C-f4M 
In the Adult . ' „ ! - 77 ;-: 
-=1?=28 
I-j-C-L (F-1-.5) M 16 
Inhabits the East Indian Archipelago. 
In accordance with the observatioii.s of M. Geoffrey, we again 
Beparate the Ceplialotes from the Roussettes, with which they agree 
ill having the same kind of molar teeth, but the index, although hav- 
ing three phalanges, like the preceding, wants the claw. The alar 
Syn. La Cephalote de Peron. — G eoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 104 Cuv. Reg. 
Aiiim. I. 1 14. 
Hypoderma Peuonh.— I sid. Geoff, in DicL Class. XIV. 708. 
PruROPU.s PAI.I.IATUS, (jouog.)— Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 99. 
Icon. Hypodf.kme des molluques, (femelle.) — Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de 
I’Astr. pi. 1 1. 
Temm. Mon. Mam pi. 35, fig. 7, (head.) 
Cepualotes PerOiNIL— G eoff. Ann. Mus. XV. pi. 7. 
specific characters. 
The Hair brownish or reddish. The Tail partly engaged in the in- 
terfemoral membrane. 
The Ears broad and pointed. 
Inhabits Timor, Amboyna, Banda, &c. 
The size of Peron's Cephalote is about that of the American Vampire, 
and it has no nail on the fore-finger. Its muzzle is obtuse, its ears straight 
and pointed. Tlie alar member, different from any thing we have pre- 
viously seen, envelopes the whole body, adhering to the spinal ridge by 
a transparent integument ; about half of the tail is concealed by the in- 
terfemoral membrane; afewlongish hairs are scattered around the mouth 
and eyes. In the young there are four incisors of the upperjaw, small 
and pointed, arranged in pairs, and fixed on either side into the rudiments 
of the moveable larainm ; those below are symmetrically arranged, though 
somewhat crowded. In the adult, the two incisors of the upperjaw 
remain moveable, and the two below are much approximated by the ca- 
nines. 
The fur of theadull is short, rough, and not very abundant ; somewhat 
frizzly upon the shoulders, the hairs of the side of the neck converge to 
a point in the medial line of the neck ; on the coccyx they are transpa- 
rent. The whole of the body proper is well clad, whilst the membrane 
that covers the back is quite naked; the interna! membranes in the upper 
part of the wing, and of the thighs, are covered with frizzly hairs. In 
the young, the fur is shoit and cottony, and the membrane which covers 
the back is covered with down, or semi-transparent hair; the inferior 
parts of the body are almost bare. A reddish colour predominates in the 
young, olivaceous grey in the aduU and old; a yellowish tint pervading 
the male, and a greyish the female. There is but little fur on the chin, 
cheeks, and front of the neck, and in the old these paits are quite naked. 
