20 
ORDER CHIROPTERA— GENUS DYSOPES. 
thick ^‘dfleshy ; they approach near at their insertion on the brow, and 
are ntdced, except in a sharp sinus towards tlie hinder part of tlie.head ; 
on their edge, near the tip, are five or six small warts. The eyes are in 
two small slits, above the angles of the mouth, and are almost covered 
by tlie*ars. The tteoi- is very short, and so covered with hair as to-be 
scarcely observable ; the shoulders are high and round, with a deep cavity 
between them ; the body at the shoulders is much wider titan at tiie 
haunches ; tile buttocks are bare. The tail is naked, round, and biunt, 
and is half inclosed in the interfemoral membrane. A broad hairy list 
surrounds the whole body, and covers the bottom of the membrane. 
This animal inhabits caverns and old buildings. 
‘rs. DTSOPES TORQUATUS.— COLLARED BDLL-DOG BAT. 
Syn. CHEiao.MEl.ES touquatus. — H orsf. Jav. 
Dysopes CHEiROPns, (Molosse pedimane.) — Temm. Mon. I. 218. 
Icon. Horsf. Jav. — Copied in Temm. Mon. I. pi. 17 Pi. 25, fig. 15, (cra- 
nium and teeth.) 
specific characters. 
The Hair wanting on the back, somewhat long on the neck, forming 
collar. 
The Thumbs of the feet entirely free and opposable. 
Inhabits Siam. 
This very remarkable Bat was first obtained either at Penang or Sin- 
gapore, by the late Dr George Finlayson, the meritorious Naturalist, who 
acchmpariied Mr John Crawford in his mission to Siam, Cochin-China, 
and the Indian Archipelago. On Dr F.’s decease, it was deposited, with 
he rest of his collection, in the Mu-;outn of tlie Honourable Ea-t India 
Company, and was minutely described and depicted by Dr Hursfield in 
Ms Zoological Researches. It was also carefully examined by M. 'I'eni- 
riiinck during his visits to London. 
It is the largest known species of the genus. The great toe, completely 
separated from the others, is quite free and opposable, like the thumb 
in rite Qhadrumana, and must greatly assist its powers of prehension. 
The ears, not united in front, are long and pointed, having a lobe or 
operculum at the inferior part, and a second or rudimentary one proceed- 
ing frorri the interior. Its large tail is half enveloped in a very short inter- 
femoral membrane. The alar membranes proceed from the upper part 
of the back, very near the mesial line, hut adhere to the sides in their 
progress downwards. This animal may be said to have no fur except 
along the sides, arid on the front of tlie neck, where, the hairs are coarse, 
very Short, and far apart ; a few slender hairs cover tlie interfemoral 
membrane and the thighs ; whilst a kind of down, extremely short, and 
only recognizable by the touch, or the magnifying glass, covers the abdo- 
men the back is completely naked, and the muzzle is very sparingly pro- 
vided :with minute hairs; a sort of ruff, composed of brown hair, sur- 
rounds the neck. The great toe is not only free, but if supplied with a 
vei^y.'lnrge nail, broad and obtuse, and hid under a great tuft of hair. The 
tail is quite wrinkled in that part of it which is free. The ears are wide 
apart, long, and pointed. 
To this condensed summary of cliaracters by the accurate Temminck 
we shall add some further details, supplied by Dr Horsfield. The en- 
tire length, he remarks, of the specin en now before me is five and a half 
inches ; its extreme breadth two feet. The great extent of the intermil 
eards one of the peculiarities of the animat ; the entrance to the cavity 
of the tympanum is likewise of extraordinary .size ; the bones of the ear, 
in comparison with those of the limnan, are of enormous dimensions ; 
the cochlea, too, is of uncommon extent. The eyes are small, and par- 
tially concealed ; the eyelids are surrounded by a minute circle of rigid 
hairs, regularly dis'posed. The pouch or cavity, behind and below the 
arm-pit, and formed by the connection of the alar membrane with the 
body of the animal, though not peculiar to this species, is well worthy of 
attention. This cavity is about an inch deep, and nearly two inches 
lonu, and is lined by a very delicate membrane. It is bounded anteriorly 
by the membrane extending from tlie arm to the pectoral muscle, and 
posteriorly by the spine and haimcbes. This organization renders the 
animal specifically lighter, and assists its flight ; and, by supplying a deep 
and extensive pouch, it affords to the young, while they continue at the 
breast, a convenient covering, and a retreat in which they find the secu- 
rity and warmth tliey require. The skin tlironghout is marked with very 
minute dots, and, when closely examined, exhibits the appearance of 
shagreen The membranes of the wings and back, as well as the bead, 
feet, and tail, are of a sooty black colour, witli occasional modifications 
of tawny ; tlie nails of a yellowish-brown colour. The brush on the 
great toe is of a peculiar character. It consists of stifif hairs, directed to 
one side, and forming a regular series along the outer margin of the thumb. 
At the extremity the hairs are long, and spread like a fan over the nail ; 
they gradually decrease in lengtli, preserving the same direction ; the 
separate hairs are rigid, and terminated by a liook ; its use remains to be 
determined. 
(C.) Bdll-Dog Bats of Australia. 
16. DYSOPES australis SOUTHERN BULL-DOG BAT. 
Syn. Molossus Australis. — Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. 11. 501. 
Jeon. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair dark brown, paler beneath, a broad white streak on each 
side, a narrow white streak beneath the edge of the rump. 
The Ears large, broad, rounded. The Tail nearly one-balf free. 
Inhabits New South Wales. 
A specimen of this Bat, very recently discovered by Major Mac Arthur, 
is deposited in the Museum of the United Service Club, London. 
DOUBTFUL species. 
1. Molossus cuassicaudatus, (Geoff. Ann. Mus. VI. 156.) — The hair 
is of a cinnamon brown colour, somewhat lighter beneath ; the tail emar- 
ginated on each side by a prolongation of the interfemoral membrane. It 
is the tenth species mentioned by Azara. The hair is very short and soft- 
The interfemoral membrane envelopes more than half the tail. 
2. M. ATER, (Geoff loc. cit. p. 155.) — The fur is black and shining 
above. Habitat unknown. Specimen in the Paris Museum. 
3. M. LOSGICAUDATUS, (Geoff loc. cit.) — Of a fawn grey colour; a band 
extends from the tip of the snout to tlie forehead ; the tail nearly as long 
as the body. M. Geoffioy conceives this was the species described by 
Daubenton under the name of the Mutot volant, and figured by Buffon ; 
but this is doubtful. 
4. M. ruscivENTER, (GeolF. loc. cit.) — The fur brownish-grey above, 
and ash-coloured beneath, except on the abdomen, which is brown in the 
middle. This was also described by Daubenton. 
5. M. I.ATICAUD.A 1 us (Geoff loc. cit.) — is Azara’s eiglitli species, and 
inhabits Paraguay. The fur dull brown above, somewhat lighter beneath. 
The tail emargiuated by a continuation of the interfemoral membrane. 
Tlie upper lip marked by vertical ridges ; the tongue is also wrinkled. 
6. M. oRsiNus, (Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. p. 59, pi. 35, fig. 4.) — 
According to Spix, this .species is black all over ; the body and snout are 
very stout ; and the anterior folds of the auricles meet on the foreliead. 
It was found in the province of Para. 
7. Nyctinomus acetabulosus, (Geoff, in Mem. de I’lnstit. d'Egypte 
Hist. Nat. II. 130.) — This species was discovered by Goinmer<?on, and 
was found near Port Louis, Isle of France. Its fur is of a blackish-brown 
colour. The tail, for two- thirds of its extent, is enveloped in the interfe- 
moral membrane. 
8. D. TRICOLOR, (Spix, p. 61, pi. 36, fig. 9.) — The genus Tliyroptera 
of M. Spix is founded upon the following character — Pollice mantis infra 
|>atella subconcava arraato. The specimen (a young one) was dark brown 
above, and quite white beneath, the membranes and feet black. 
9. D. AURiPENDULUs, (Slmw, Gen. Zool. I. 137.)— The Slouch-eared 
Bat, with obtuse nose, and large pendant ears with pointed tips. Tail 
long, included in a membrane, and terminated with a liook. Colour 
above, deep chestnut, lighter in the belly ; length tliree indies, extent ol 
wing fifteen. Native of Guiana. 
10. D. Moops, (F. Cuv. Dents des Mam.) — The specimen upon which 
this species is founded was sent from India by MM. Diardand Duvaucel. 
11. D. puMiLus, (Rupp.' Atl., pi. 27, fig. a,)— scarcely three inches in 
length, is the smallest of those Bats wliich M. Rnppell lias discovered 
in Northern Africa. It is dark brown above, light grey beneath, the limbs 
reddisli, the membranes dark brown. It seems a miniature representa- 
tion of D. Cestonii, already described, and is in all probability the young 
of D. ^gyptiacus. 
IMAGINARY SPECIES. 
1. Dysopes PEUOT13 (Pr. Ma.ximilian Abbild.) — is identical with D. 
rufus. 
2. D. lluppELLii (Temm. Monogr.) — is the adult of a Bat previously 
described by Professor Paolo Savi of Pisa, under tlie name of Dinops 
Cestonii. 
ilote Nyctinomus Brasiliensis (Isid. Geoff Ann. Sc. Nat.) — is the 
same as Dysopes nasutus ; and 
Dysopes Gf.offroyi (Temm. Monogr.) — is but another name for D. 
jEgyptiacus. 
' Rupp. Atl.— \t!a’ zu der Reise im Nordlichen Afrika, von Eduard Rilppell. Frankfurt am Main, 1826. (Sailghthiere bearbitel von Ph. J. Cretzschmar. Med. Dr.) 
