THE JAVELIN-BATS. 
25 
The Nasal Apfendage snort, furrowed towards the point. 
Inhabits South America. Also Hayti. 
The Spectacled Javelin-Bat was designated the Grand fer-de-lance by 
Buffon, and yet, according to M. Geoffroy, it is of smaller dimensions 
than the Common one bearing the name. Its extreme length from the tip 
of the nose to the extreme part of the interfemoral membrane is five 
inches ; its extreme breadth eigliteen inches. The muzzle is short and 
broad ; the lower incisors are regularly placed between the canines, which 
are far apart, and the two internal ones are bilobed ; the external ears are 
slightly emargined at their external border, and the opercula are deeply 
denticulated ; an irregular row of warts encircles the lips, and there are 
considerable excrescences on the .articulations of the third and fourth 
toes ; the interfemoral membrane forms an entering angle with the hind- 
feet, and the inferior support it receives is inconsiderable on account of the 
diminutive size of the bony spurs. The nasal leaf is formed of a strong 
central part, with membranes at its sides, which do not extend quite 
to the point; it is sloped, oval-shaped .at its lower extremity, and termi- 
nated in front by the common horse-shoe membrane. The fur is of a 
blackish-brown colour on the back, and of a light brown on the abdomen ; a 
white line rises at the nose, and extends along the side of the head as far 
as the ear. 
It has been clearly ascertained that this Phyllostome (and probably its 
congeners) is not only insectivorous, but is frequently a great annoyance 
to the agriculturist, from the immense quantities of ripe fruits it devours. 
Thus, in M. Geoffroy’s 14th Le^on, (Cours de I’Hist. Natur.,) we have 
the following interesting particulars extracted from a letter of Dr Alex. 
Bicord, an able Naturalist, who has long resided in Hayti. “ After leav- 
ing Hayti I preserved these animals alive, and fed them on Common Sa- 
potas, {Achras Sapola,) the fruit of a Mamraee tree, which they prefer to 
all others. Every evening, two hours after sunset, they leave the vir- 
gin forests which they frequent during the day, and, in flocks of thou- 
sands, precipitate themselves upon the Naseberry trees. I have often 
observed them bite indiscriminately every one of the fruits on the trees, 
to discover those which are ripe, for by the touch alone they cannot do 
this ; and hence great mischief follows, for the fruit has but a slender hold of 
the tree, and falls on the slightest injury. Often h,ave I noticed these 
animals suspending themselves on the wing, without changing their posi- 
tion, and devouring the ripe fruit with the greatest avidity. They do not 
quarrel much, but rather maintain a mutual good understanding. The noise 
which they in this way produce among the branches resembles that made 
by birds about to rest on ceasing their flight. They utter a feeble cry ; 
and nothing can scare them away. Shots from a musket do not annoy 
them. I have watched these Bats throughout the whole night, and have 
seen them depart an hour before the break of daj', betaking themselves to- 
wards the forests, where they reside, at the foot of the mountains, in 
places not far distant from human habitations.” 
Vab. Sdperciliatum. — Reddish S. J. Bat. 
Syn. Phyli-Ostoma Sufeeciliatum. — I^r, Max. Beitr. II. 200. 
Chaove-souris obscure et bayke ou Cu. Premere.— D’A zar. Quadr. 
Parag. II. 269. 
We are inclined to consider the Ph. Superciliatum of Prince Maximi- 
lian to bo merely a variety of the Spectacled Javelin- Bat already described ; 
its ears are short, pointed, and white ; the hair is dark brown ; there is a 
white streak from the nasal appendage to each ear. It was found on the 
sea coast to the north of Cabo Frio. 
2. PHYLLOSTOMA LINEATUM — STRIPED JAVELIN-BAT, 
Syn. Chauve-soubis BROiVE et bayEe — Azar. Parag. II. p. 271. 
PilYLLOSTOMA LINEATUM. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 186. 
Icon. 
SrECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair brown above, lighter beneath ; four white stripes on the 
face, and one on the back. 
The Nasal Ai’pendaoe entire. 
Inhabits Paraguay and Brazil. 
This Striped Phvllostome, and the two which succeed, are founded 
upon the descriptions of the indefatigable D’ Azara, and, though defective 
in the synonoiny, and incorrect, in so fur as he has identified them with 
previously described species, yet they so conspicuously bear the traces of 
his accurate hand, that it is impossible for a moment to doubt their spe- 
cific and distinct existence. The Lineatum forms the second on his list, 
and he remarks that he had possessed many of them, and that they 
strongly resembled each other. Their length very nearly reached three 
inches, their extreme breadth fourteen. The colour of the fur is brown, 
lighter beneath. A white stripe commences gt the coccyx, and l uns in a 
VOL. II. 
straight line to the occiput : besides this great band, two others, which, 
like it, are white, extend from the nostril to the ear, at the elevated part 
of the hind-head, and two others, also white, from the angle of the mouth 
to the lower part of the ear. The ear is very narrow, and shovel-shaped, 
generally flat, but reflected on its edges. At about a line from the extremity 
of the muzzle, which is not acute, the horse.shoe membrane commences, 
from the centre of which springs the nasal one, forming an angle with the 
forehead of seventy degrees, extending four lines, and terminating in a 
point. D’Azara says nothing of its habits. 
3. PHYLLOSTOMA ROTUNDUM.— ROUND-LEAFED JAVELIN- 
BAT. 
Syn. Chauve-souris troisieme ou Cii. brun — Azar. Parag. II. p. 277. 
PHYLLOSTOMA RoTUNDUM Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 181. 
Icon. 
specific characters. 
The Hair reddish-brown. 
The Nasal Appendage entire, rounded at the extremity. 
Inhabits Paraguay. 
This Javelin-Bat was supposed to be the true Vampyre by the Spanish 
Naturalist D’Azara, — a mistake arising partly from the imperfect descrip- 
tions of these South American species, current in his day, and partly 
from his not being aware that most of them had never been described ; 
hence he erroneously identifies them with their congeners. The length 
of this Bat is three.inches and a half; its extreme breadth nearly seven- 
teen. Its colour is brown, somewhat lighter underneath. The alar 
membrane arises from the tibia four lines ftom its articulation. The ear 
is acute, straight, eight lines high, and has a projecting operculum. The 
muzzle is ratlier acute than flat, and the nasal leaf, flatter than in most 
others, does not terminate in a point, but is rounded. The lower jaw is 
somewhat the largest, and the whole phj'siognomy may perhaps be con- 
sidered by some as very ugly. In this description the colour, the rounded 
leaf, and the dimensions reaching only one half, distinguish this Bat from 
the true Vampyre. It is very common in Paraguay, where D’Azara says 
it differs from all the others, in running as swift, as a Rat when on the 
ground, and in delighting in sucking the blood of men and animals. 
4. PHYLLOSTOMA LILIUM FLEUR-DE-LIS JAVELIN-BAT. 
Syn. CilAUVE-souRts brun-roogeatre ou Ch. quatrieMe D’Azar. Quadr. 
Parag. II. p. 277. 
PHYLLOSTOMA Lilium. — Gcoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 186. 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair reddish-brown above, lighter beneath. 
The Nasal Appendage entire, length equal to its breadth, narrow at 
the base. The Jaws elongated. 
Inhabits Paraguay. 
D’Azara imagined that the animal described by him as his fourth species, 
under the appellation of the Brun-Rougcalre, was identical with BufFon’s 
Fer-de-lance ; but this is manifestly a mistake. The one in hand is three 
inches and a half long, and thirteen inches across the wings, and is desti- 
tute of a tail, whilst the hastatum has a tail, and measures seven inches 
by nineteen. Its ear is straight and acute ; its eye, though small, is, ac- 
cording to Azara, somewhat larger than in his other Bats, and is placed 
equidistant between the ear and tip of the muzzle, which is very obtuse, 
and somewhat cleft. M. Geoffroy assigned it its specific name, from the 
resemblance of the leaf to that of the middle petal of the fleur-de-lis of 
heraldry; it is pointed at its tip, and as straight as that of the hastatum at 
its extremity, but it bulges out more, being as broad as it is long. D’Azara 
compares its form to that of a military spear. 
5. PHYLLOSTOMA BRACHYOTUM BROAD-EARED JAVELIN- 
BAT. 
Syn. PHYLLOSTOMA BRACHYOTUM. — Pr. Max. Beitr. II. 196. 
Carollia Braziliensis. — Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 488. 
Icon. Pr. Max. Abbild. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair dark greyish-brown above ; the points of the hairs sooty ; 
lighter beneath. 
The Ears short .and broad. The Operculum short and rounded. 
The Nasal Appendage narrow and pointed. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This Phyllostome might with as much propriety be designated broad- 
bodied as broad-oared. It is singularly broad across the shoulders, and 
short in the length of the body ; head included, it is somewhat heart- 
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