GENUS GLOSSOPPIAGA.— LONG-TONGUED BATS. 
27 
11. PHYLLOSTOMA MACROPHYLLUM — LONG-TAILED 
JAVELIN-BAT. 
Syn. Das Grosblat. — Pr. Max. Beitr. II. 188. 
Icon. Phyllostoma MACROPHYLLUM.— Pr. Mai. Abbild. 
SPECiriC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair sooty-black. 
The Nasal Appendage Tety long and poiaited. The Tail nearly as 
long as the body. 
The Intbrpemoeal Membrane marked with concentric lines, and 
semicircular. 
Inhabits Brazil. 
This Bat is found, though rarely, in the large forests which skirt 
the banks of the Mucuri. During the day they remain suspended by the 
rocks and trunks of trees. The interfemoral membrane is much longer 
than in most of its congeners, and the species can be at once distinguished 
by the semicircular rugie. 
12. PHYLLOSTOMA GRAYII — GRAY’S JAVELIN-BAT. 
Syn. et Icon. Phyllostoma Grath. — W aterh.' in Voy. Bcagl. II. 3, Mamm. 
pi. 2. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair dark brown, mixed with grey. The Membranes sooty- 
black. 
The Tail short, included in the interfemoral membrane. 
The Under-lip with an ovate group of warts. 
Inhabits Pernambuco, Brazil. 
Mr Darwin informs us that this species appeared to be common at Per- 
nambuco, (five degrees north of Bahia.) Upon entering an old lime-kiln 
in the middle of the day, he disturbed a considerable number of them : 
they did not seem to be much incommoded by the light, and their habi- 
tation was much less dark than that usually frequented as a sleeping 
place by these animals. 
13. PHYLLOSTOMA? SYLVICOLUM — RUSTIC JAVELIN-BAT. 
Syn. et Icon. Lophospoma sylvicOLa. — D’Orb. Voy. Mamm. pi. 6. 
SrECIPIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair on the face brown, whitish beneath the neck, elsewhere 
grey. 
The Nasal Appendages entire, long, pointed. 
The Ears divided by a membrane into two compartments. 
The Tail sliort, free at the point. 
Inhabits South America. 
This animal is only known to us through the beautiful drawing of M. 
D’Orbigny. As that Naturalist has not yet published the characters on 
which he reposes the genus Lophostoma, we are unable to speak with 
certainty thereon ; but from the appearance of the cranium, we are in- 
clined to regard it as a Phyllostomo which had lost two of the lower in- 
cisors through the development of the canines. 
breadth eleven inches ; the ears are broad, and the short tragus is narrow 
and lance-shaped. The muzzle is broad and obtuse ; the interfemoral 
membrane springs from the upper part of the ankle, and, approximating 
the tail, is crescent-shaped. The fur on the body appears to be copious ; 
it is russet brown on the head and back, and somewhat paler underneath. 
The ears, nasal leaf, and membranes, are dark brown. It is gregarious 
in the old buildings of Coroaba, and in the Brazilian forest on the banks 
of the Jucu. 
Is this not the young of Ph. elongatum ? 
Note — Phyllostoma soricindm, Geoff., belongs to the Genus Glosso- 
phaga. 
Phyllostoma Spectrum, Geoff., belongs to Vampyrus ; probably 
also Ph. soricinum, cirrhosum, and bidens of Fischer, (Syn. 
Mamm.) 
DOUBTFUL GENUS AND SPECIES. 
1. Monophyllus Redmanni, (Leach, in Linn. Trans. XHI. 75.) 
This species was sent to the British Museum by R. S. Redman, Esq. ; 
and Dr Leach precipitately regarded it as entitled to a generic distinction 
from having four incisors in the upper jaw, and none in the lower. This 
animal had a short tail, and the nose-leaf was erect. The colour above, 
as of the membranes, ears, and nose-leaf, was brown ; beneath mouse- 
coloured. The ears were round, and the beard long. 
GENUS Xrr. GLOSSOPHAGA._LONG-TONGUED 
BATS. 
Syn. Les Glossophages, (Glossophaga.) — Geoff. M6m. Mus. IV. 418, et al. 
Diphylla. — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras.— D'Orb. Voy. 
Madateus — Leach, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 
Phyllophora, Anoura, and Braciiyphylla ? — Gray, in Mag. Zool. 
and Bot. II. 
generic characters. 
The Head broad. The Muzzle produced and narrow. 
The Ears small, with an operculum. 
The Nasal Appendage double ; the upper one erect, almost hastate 
small ; the lower blending into the upper lip. 
The Tongue very long, extensile, slender, channelled, and rough, 
with reversed papilla;. 
The Interfemoral Membrane imperfect or wanting. 
Tub Tail short or wanting. 
Inhabit South America. 
M. Geoffrey (Mem. dii Mus. IV. p. 418) separates from the Ja- 
velin-Bats those species having the tongue slender, capable of ex- 
tension, and furnished with papillae resembling hairs. To these he 
assigns the name of Glossophaga, all of which are likewise from 
America. 
DOUBTFUL species. 
1. Ph. Planirostre, (Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 36, fig. I.) — 
The head broad, and depressed above : sides of the nose studded with 
verrucose tubercles, the lower margin of the nose-leaf is free and hang- 
ing ; lips notched at the margin ; chin not deep but broad. 
It frequents the suburbs of St Salvador. 
2. Ph. Childreni (Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II.) has the lower 
Lip studded with an half ovate group of crowded warts. It is brown, 
slightly grizzled, hairs grey-tipped ; it is greyer beneath ; ears large, mem- 
braneous, rounded at the ends ; nose-leaf ovate, lanceolate, rather longer 
than wide ; wings hrowTi ; warts of lower lip in three or four arched series ; 
expanse twelve inches. 
it inhabits Soutli America. Specimen in British Museum, received 
from J. G. Children, Esq. 
S. Ph. Bennetti, (Gray, loc. cit.) — We are informed that, on the 
front of the lower lip of tliis Phyllostome, there is a small ovate space 
formed of two small tubercles, as in the Vampyre. Its colour is fulvous 
brown, rather paler beneath ; hair is very long, soft, with greenish tips ; 
ears very large, rather acute ; nose-leaf very large, ovate, lanceolate, with 
a thick convex midrib; wings brown. Expanse twelve inches ; nose- 
leaf eight lines. 
It fnhabits South America. Specimen in the British Museum. 
4. Ph. brevicaudum, (Pr. Max. Abbild. and Beitr.) — The length of this 
species is described as about two inches and three lines, and the extreme 
By the above arrangement of M. Geoffroy, proposed in the year 1818, 
the blood-sucking Bats were thus divided into three groups, Vam- 
pyrus, Glossophaga, and Phyllostoma, their natural arrangement, accord- 
ing to him, being in the order in which they are above enumerated. 
The chief distinction of the Glossophaga, as may he supposed, is 
founded on the characters of their tongue, which is very long, straight, 
extensible, and capable of longitudinally folding upon itself. Its length is 
so great, that, after death, it generally projects to a great extent from the 
mouth, and it is next to impossible by any means to return it : hence 
these animals are usually represented with this member protruding. But 
the most remarkable peculiarity of their tongue consists in its edges, or 
what may be called its border. It has the power of being folded superi- 
orly upon itself from side to side, so that there is a deep liollow, or ra- 
ther a true canal, formed throughout its whole extent ; the edge being 
surmounted with small papilla;, and covered with cilioe. Pallas long ago 
represented this in his Spicilegia Zoologica, both of the natural size, and 
as seen under the microscope. It will be recollected that, whilst dwell- 
ing upon the sucking apparatus of the Vampyres, we remarked that par- 
ticular attention had been paid to a number of wart-s, which were arranged 
in a circular form upon the centre of the tongue, and considerable dis- 
cussion maintained upon the manner in which these acted in the produc- 
tion of a vacuum. But, however admirably those parts may in them dis- 
charge this function, their efforts are feeble when compared with this 
interesting piece of anatomy in the glossoplmgae. The resources in these 
latter for the production of a vacuum is augmented in proportion to the 
* Waterh. in Voy. Beagi.. — The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. S. Beagle, under the ootnmand of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the ;^ars 1832 to 1836, published 
with the approval of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury. Mammalia by George R. Waterhouse. London, 1838. 
