28 
ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS GLOSSOPHAGA. 
number of the points of the tongue they apply ; and it is manifest, that 
the whole organ is engaged in the operation. 
The cranium, moreover, is broader, and proportionally quite as long as 
,nat of the Vampyres j its case also is more voluminous, and the maxillary 
.Jones by no means so contracted, hence the teeth are freer during their 
growth. The indsors are persistent, and regularly arranged. The head is 
long, and remarkably conical. The extremity of the muzzle is slender ; the 
leaf is very near its extremity, and inconsiderable in size. Its mantle, 
likewise, is not remarkably large, the interfemoral membrane especially 
being sometimes very small, or even quite deficient. 
On examining the several species, it will be found that there is a strong 
resemblance in their heads and nasal apparatus, and that the most strik- 
ing characters are to be found in the interfemoral membrane ; in some it 
is sufficiently ample, whilst in others it is very insignificant, and almost 
rudimentary ; at one time, again, there is a tail, and at another none. 
Pallas foresaw that the presence or absence of this appendage might 
be construed into a characteristic distinction of the two sexes. He ac- 
cordingly reports that he had seen many individuals of the species he 
described, and that he never observed in any of them, male or female, the 
slightest vestige of a tail, — caudat nullum vezilgium. In the Knot-tailed 
Bat, which, by the extent of its interfemoral membrane, closely approxi- 
mates to Pallas’ animal, the tail exists : it is a very small appendage, 
which is not prolonged beyond a fourth of the extent of the membrane, 
and which appears externally as a mere point or nodosity. It might be 
designated a tubercle, manifesting the tendency of the tail to render it- 
self free. 
1. GLOSSOPHAGA SOEICINA.— PALLAS’ LONG-TONGUED 
BAT. 
Syn. Vespeetiuo soeicinus Linn. Gmcl. I. 
Leaf-Bat. — Penn. Quadr. No. 498. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 141. 
Icon. Phvllostoma soaiciNoii, (Musette.) — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. pi. 11. 
Vespertiuo soeicinus. — Pall. Spicil. Zool. III. pi. 3 and 4. — Copied in 
Sclireb. Saiigth. pi. 47 ; and in Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. III. pi. 53. 
specific charactehs. 
The Hair greyish-brown above, whitish beneath. 
The InterfeiMoral Memiiean-e broad. The T,\il wanting. 
Inhabits Surinam and the Carribbee Islands. 
This species is found in Surinam, and in the islands which lie near the 
coast. The account which Pallas supplied, both of its external charac- 
ters and anatomical structure, is drawn up with the usual ability of this 
Naturalist, and leaves nothing to be desired. It is small when compared 
to the Phyllostomes. Its muzzle is proportionably long and stout ; hence 
the canines are wide apart ; the incisors are not crowded, and are in a 
single row. The nasal leaf is small, and at the very extremity of the 
snout ; it is in the shape of a heart, broadest at its base in the males, and 
terminating in an acute point. The ears are small and oblong. The in- 
terfemoral membrane starts upwards from the ankle, making rather an 
acute angle with the tibia, and is supported by very short spurs or ossi- 
cula. The tongue is very large, remarkably long, and formed into a deep 
canal, whose edges are covered with papilla:, which overlap, and resemble 
minute hairs. This deep furrow can, without doubt, be converted dur- 
ing life into a regular tube or cylinder; and it is through these canals that 
the blood, in which these animals delight, flows while they feed. The 
fur of this animal is soft and woolly ; its back is of a greyish-brown ; its 
abdomen whitish. Its dimensions from the tip of the snout to the 
origin of the tail is scarcely two inches ; its tail does nof exceed two 
lines ; its extreme breadth is nearly nine inches. 
2. GLOSSOPHAGA AMPLEXICAUDATA KNOT-TAILED 
LONG-TONGUED BAT. 
Syn. Phvi.i.Ophora amplexicaudata. — G ray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. H. 
Icon. GLOSSOPHAGA AMPLEXiCAUiJATA. — Geoff’. M^m. Mus. IV. pi. 18, .4. Pr. 
Max. Bcitr. II 208. — Spix, Sim. ct Vesnert. Bras. pi. 36, fig. 4. 
specific characters. 
The Hair dark greyish-brown above, paler beneath. 
The Interfemoral Membrane broad. The Tail short, included in 
the interfemoral membrane, and ending in a nodule. 
Inhabits Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. 
This species was first discovered in Brazil by the younger Delalande, 
who transmitted it to Paris, where it was exam'ned and classified by M. 
Geoffrey in 1818. It is one of that section that has rather a large inter- 
femc,ral membrane and a tail. The length of its head and body is three 
inches ; of the tail two lines, of the nose-leaf scarcely two lines, of the 
«teriial ear one and a half line; extreme expanse, ten inches and two 
lines. The nose-leaf is spear-shaped and pointed ; the lip is fissured and 
notched on the margin ; the ear naked, and without a margin ; the alar 
membrane is long, rather narrow, naked, and, near the body and joints, 
ornamented with rows of spots. The fur of the whole body is very co- 
pious, soft, and longish ; above it is of a dark greyish-brown ; beneath the 
colour is paler. 
It inhabits the houses of Rio Janeiro, and is common throughout 
Brazil. 
a GLOSSOPHAGA CAUDIFERA FREE- TAILED LONG- 
TONGUED BAT. 
Syn. tt Icon. Glossophaga caedifera. — Geoff. M4m. Mus. IV. pi. 17. — 
Diet, des Sc. Nat. XI. p. 118. — Desm. Mam. No. 178.-— 
Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 
specific characters. 
The Hair dark brown. 
The Interfemoral Membrane very short. The Tail free at the 
point. 
Inhabits Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. 
The Free-tailed Glossophaga was also discovered in Brazil by M. De- 
lalande, and was examined by M. Geoffrey, although the details of its 
organization have as yet been scantily provided. The interfemoral mem- 
brane is very short and narrow, forming but a slender margin from the 
spurs to the coccyx ; the tail is very short, and yet projects somewhat 
beyond the membrane. The ears are of rather small dimensions, with a 
small operculum ; the lower lip is deeply fissured ; the horse-shoe is well 
marked; the nose-leaf distinctly marked, broad, and not high, but 
pointed ; a copious supply of small bristles surrounds the nose and lower 
lip. It is a trifle longer in its proportions than the preceding species. 
Its colour is dark brown. 
This species was discovered in the Brazils, near Rio Janeiro. 
4. GLOSSOPHAGA ECAUDATA.— TAIL-LESS LONG-TONGUED 
BAT. 
Syn. Anooba Geoffroyi. — Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. 11. 
Icon. Glossophaga Ecaudata. — Geoff. M4m. Mus. IV. pi. 18, B. Pr. 
Max. Abbild. 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair dark brown above, paler beneath. 
The Interfemoral Membrane very short. The Tail wanting. 
Inhabits Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. 
The length of the bead of this species is eleven lines, of the body two 
inches and five lines ; the e.xtreme expanse is about eleven inches and a 
half. The length of the auricle is almost four lines ; of the nose-leaf two. 
The head is both long and broad ; the body is proportionably stout; the 
lip is cleft ; llie nose-leaf triangular in shape, the spur small and pointed. 
The face is covered with minute bristles; the whole body is clad with 
soft hairs as in the mouse, longest on tlie back, where the colour is dark 
brown, and is paler underneath, merging to a greyish-brown. 
M. Delalande found this animal near Rio Janeiro, and Prince Maxi- 
milian at Porto Soguro. 
DOUBTFUL GENERA AND SPECIES. 
1. Diphylla ecaudata, (Spix, Sim. ct Vespert. Bras. p. 68, pi. 36, 
fig. 7.) — The peculiar distinctions of this proposed genus of Spix are a 
bifoliaied nose-leaf, and a total absence of the interfemoral membrane and 
tail. Tlie length of this animal is three inches, the extreme width be- 
tween ten and eleven ; its back is of a dark brown colour, the abdomen 
and under part of the head light brown ; the wings are black, and almost 
naked. 
2. Brachyphylla cavebnarum, (Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 489.) 
Specimens of this Bat are to be found in the Museums of the British 
Museum and of tlie Zoological Society, having been received from St 
Vincents, West Indies. The following is Mr Gray’s description of the 
generic characters: “Tail very short, interfemoral membrane deeply 
nicked, two rayed ; nose-leaf small, surrounded by a deep groove, which 
separates it from the face ; front of under lip with a smooth triangular 
space bearded on the edge." 
3. Mauat-Eus Lewisii, (Leach, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 81.) — .This 
animal constituted the seventh and last genus of Dr Leach’s Nose- 
leafed Bats. It had four incisors above and four below ; two nose-leaves, 
one horizontal, the other vertical, and no tail. 1 lie specimen described 
formed part of Mr Brooke's Museum, and was sent from Jamaica by Mr 
D. Lewis. Its extreme expanse was seventeen inches. Its colour ge- 
nerally black ; its teetli were transversely striated, and the interfemoral 
membrane acutely emarginated. 
