32 
ORDER CHIROPTERA^GENUS RHINOLOPIIUS. 
M. GeofFroy, a kind of crown which surrounds the olfactory organ, 
several folds ornamenting the lateral margin of the horse-shoe. The tail 
is two-thirds of the length of the fore-arm, and free at the extremity. In 
the adult state the two upper incisors approximate, and the four lower 
are tri-lobed and ranged in a line ; there are five molars above, the so 
called false one being very small, and attached to the heel of the canine ; 
the five below have pointed cusps. 
The remarkable difference between the crania of the nobilis and Diadem 
species requires the more ample detail, since the outward forms of the 
two are so much alike. The olfactory and auditory appendages present 
ao other differences than those connected with the larger size of the for- 
mer animal ; their other dimensions are also proportional, and their 
colouring differs only in that of the Diadem being somewhat more uniform. 
The cranium of the nobilis is larger, owing to the greater width of the 
zygomatic arches, and the dilatation towards the auditory concha is more 
considerable ; its chanfrin also is broader, and nearly flat, whilst in the 
Diadem the anterior part of the chanfrin is demi-spherical, and its back 
part forms a fossa with salient edges. 
The fur of this animal is soft, fine, long, and abundant, of nearly a 
uniform colour every where, though somewhat deeper above than below. 
The head is brownish-grey ; the upper parts a golden reddish-brown ; the 
inferior parts a greyish-brown, the base of the hair being every where 
whitish, and the darker shade proceeding from the tips. 
Two specimens of this species were brought from Timor by MM. 
Peron and Lesuenr, and now form a part of the Paris Museum. One 
of them was sent by M. GeoffVoy to M. Temminck for examination ; and 
hence the satisfactory details we have been enabled to present. 
.3. RHIXOLOPHUS INSIGNIS UNIQUE HORSE-SHOE B.'iT. 
Syn. Rhinolophus i.vsignis. — Horsf. Jav. in loc. 
Rhinolophcs vulgakis Ibid. — ( Fern. ) 
Icon, Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 29, fig. 2. 
specific charactebs. 
The Hair on the head and neck white ; the body dark brown in the 
male ; redder in the female. 
The Nasal Appendage rounded on the margin, broad, three folds on 
each side of the horse-shoe. 
The Ears broad, margin partially clipped, wanting the lobe. 
Inhabits Java and adjacent islets. 
The male of this animal was first described by Dr Ilorsfield in his Re- 
searches ; and the descriptions supplied by Temminck of male and female 
were, he informs us, derived from an examination of not fewer than thirty 
specimens. The whole length of the adult is four inches, the tail occu- 
pying some what more than one ; the extreme breadth is between twelve and 
fourteen inches. The nose-leaf, with a round edge, is broader than it is 
liigb ; between it and the horse-shoe there is another leaflet, which is 
hair)^ and flanked on both sides with three lateral folds. The male has, 
behind the le.af, a large syphon or bag, and on either side a small orifice 
wliich is scarcely visible, but which is made more conspicuous by three 
minute pencils of hairs. The ears are broad, trumpet-shaped, with the 
margin as if partially cut ofiT, and without a lobe. The two incisors above, 
not far apart, are broad, and either bi-lobed or smooth; the four below 
are more or loss crowded, the small false molar of the upper jaw being 
found in some individuals in its usual place close to the heel of the 
canine. This anomalous molar is not found in tlie old ; and except in a 
minute point rising from the gum, scarcely leaves a trace. The fur is 
copious, smooth, and bicoloured above. The head and neck are white, 
the tips of the hajrs being chestnut coloured ; the extent of this whitish 
portion, waved with chestnut, is not confined solely to the neck, but is con- 
tinued in a pointed shape towards the upper part of the back, and prolonged 
between the shoulders, whose colour, as well as that of all the other 
superior parts of the body, is a pure chestnut, though each hair is of the 
party colour already described. The neck, middle of the chest, and ab. 
domen, are light brownish-grey, and the sides of the chest, at the inser- 
tion of the wings, are dullish brown, darker than the belly. The female 
is generally of a redder hue than the male. She has not the two lateral 
orifices, and the bag of the nose-leaf with which her mate is supplied ; a 
minute orifice which is scarcely visible upon the living animal, and on the 
dead leaves no other trace than a few brown hairs, indicates the locality 
of the syphon of the male. 
From the manuscripts of M. Van Hasselt, we have an interesting note 
on this .‘pccies. We captured, it is stated, a great number on the shores 
of the island Dwars in de IFcg, on the eastern side of Java, in the grottoes 
where the Salangancs (Cypselus esculentus) construct their nests. Their 
cry is feeble, and their odour particularly disagreeable. The little bag, 
under the forehead is formed by a fold of the skin, whence there is a 
small tube to the frontal muscles ; by a slight compression the bag may 
be extended, and then resembles an inveited finger of a glove. A red 
powder is secreted by this organ, which always covers the neighboitriiig 
projection, and exhales a penetrating odour. The above account has 
been confirmed by M. MUller, who gives, moreover, a particular account 
of the separate retirement of the two sexes already mentioned, and adds, 
that the young animal remains fixed to the body of the mother during the 
whole period of lactation. 
4. RHINOLOPHUS SPEORIS.— CYCLOPS HORSE-SHOE BAT. 
Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophus Speoris. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XX. 261. — pi. 5, 
(bead,) copied in Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 27. — Schreb. 
Saiigth. pi. 59, B. 
Rihnolophe Crumenifere Peron, Voy. pi. 35. — Temm. 11. 
17. 
SPECIFIC CHABACTF,RS. 
The Hair white, and brown above in the male; reddish- chestnut 
above in the female; white beneath. 
The Nasal Appendage and Ears as in the last species. A round 
Odoriferous Gland in tlie centre of the forehead. 
Inhabits .lava and Amboyna. 
The total length of this Bat is about three inches and a half, of which 
the tail and membrane occupy one inch ; the extreme expanse is some- 
what more than twelve inches. The nose-leaf and folicle are precistdy 
the same as in tlie species we have just left ; as are also the teeth and cra- 
nium ; whilst it should be remarked, as it regards the former parts, that the 
male has only one opening or syphon, without any trace of a lateral orifice, 
and as to the other, as well as the general dimensions, tliey are on a some- 
wliat smaller scale. The fur is short, smooth, and bicolourcd above. 
All the superior parts are covered with hairs which are jiarlly white and 
partly brown in the male, and reddish chestnut in the female ; underneath 
they are completely _white ; the insertion of the wings along the sides is 
liglit red. 
M. Geoffroy states that he had always found the little bag in front 
empty, and could not therefore assign its use, — suspecting, however, it 
might secrete an odorous fluid which might attract Insects. Temminck 
remarks that the apparatus exactly resembles the eye of a Cyclops with 
the eyelids closed, and that both the powder already mentioned, and the 
unctuous matter which it secretes, exhale a smell similar to that which 
has been previously noticed in the Bull-dog Bats, (Dysopes,) and tlie 
Phyllostoines of America, in which the matter issues from a gland situate 
on the cliest. In Dysopes pedimnnus, and in Tapbozous saccolaimus of 
Java, there is a very large one under the cliin ; and in these two species 
the females are possessed of them as well as the males. Some of the 
liousselles and Pac/iysomnta, it will be pememhered, exhibit these secretory 
organs, and only in the males ; and, finally, we shall d!.scover similar odor- 
iferous glands in all the species, and in both se.xes in tlie great majority 
of the Vespcrliliones, the organ existing in front of tlie eyes, or above the 
orbit, and still more fiequently near the nostrils. The emanations pro- 
duced by this apparatus more or less occasion the disagreeable smell ex- 
haled by certain species, and Temminck suspects it is tlie especial means 
by which the different sexes discover each other in the obscure and hidden 
retreats wbicli they inhabit. 
Hitherto this species lias only been found in Timor and Amboyna, 
The two specimens in the Paris Museum are from the former island ; 
those of the Leyden Museum are from Amboyna. 
5. RIHNOLOI'HUS BICOLOR.— PIEBALD HORSE-SIIOE BAT. 
Syn. et Icon. Rhinolopiie bicolobe. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 18, pl. 29, fig. 3. 
Sl'ECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair chestnut red, marked with white. 
The Nasal Appendage surrounded by a notched membrane. 
The Lower Lip with a large wart in the centre. 
Inhabits Amboyna, Java, and Timor. 
The Piebald Rhinolophus has a total length of two inches, three lines, 
(Frencli,) of which the tail and interfemoral memhr.Tne occupies ten lines, 
and its extreme width varies from eight and a half inches to nine and a half 
inches ; tlie ears are broader than they are high, with a round terminal mar- 
gin, not cut out ; there is also a very small distinct lobe, with an internal 
fold. Tile nose-leaf is small, and transversal, with a marked protuberance, 
besides the horse-shoe, which is surrounded with a notched iiieiiihraiie at 
its two extremities; there is a large wart in the centre of the lower lip, 
and a longitudinal one at cither side. The two incisors ol the upper jaw 
are bioad, nearly approximated on tlieir inner side, but distant at their 
base; the inferior four are tri-lobed ; there are five molars on both sides, 
and the up|ier false molar is scarcely visible. Tlie fur is long, very fine, 
sniootli, and of two colours tlirougliout. Above itisol a very pure white 
from the base two-thirds upwards, and is then of a chestnut red to tlui 
point, so that the white presents an irregular medley ; the white prevails 
