THE HORSE-SHOE BATS. 
35 
st.iU more below, because bore only tbe actual points are tipt with brown. 
The membranes are liglit brown. This accurate description is drawn up 
by M. Temminck from tbe examination of fourteen specimens. 
This small species was found by M. Van Hussclt in tbe bamboo build- 
ings on tbe coast of Anjer: be says nothing of its habits. M. Boie cap. 
turcd it in tbe solitary woods on tbe banks of tbe Tjetarem, where it in- 
fests tbe dwelling-houses. It has been procured in tbe islands of 
Amboyiia, Java, and Timor, those specimens biougbt from tbe first 
named place being somewhat larger than those from tbe second. 
6. RHINOLOPIIUS TRIDENS — TRIDENT HORSE-SHOE BAT. 
Si/n. ct Ico7i. RiiiNOLOniE TnrnENT Geoff. Ann. Mus. XX. 260, pi. 5, 
(head and cran.,) copied in Temm. pi. 27. 
Geoff. Descr. Egypt. Hist. Nat. II. pi. 2, fig. 1. 
Temm, Alon. Mam. II. 19. 
.SPFCIFIC CIIAnACTEaS. 
The IIaiii light asb-colour. 
The Nasal Appendaue trident-shaped above. 
Inhabits Egypt aud Nubia. 
This species is about two inches three lines long, of which the tail occu- 
pies eight lilies ; the extreme expanse is eight and a half inches. Tbe ears 
are higher than they are wide, they have a round terminal edge, and no 
distinct lobe. The nose-leaf terminates in three points, trident-shaped. 
The two tipper incisors are extremely small, and wide asunder; the lower 
four are crowded and tri-lobed. There are four upper molars, and no ap- 
pearance of an anomalous tooth, either in the young or old ; five below. 
The fur is scanty, short,, aud smooth, of a light wliito ash-colour; the 
pubis and thighs are naked. The liorse-shoe covers the whole surface 
of the muzxle ; but the nose-leaf is not complicated ; it is broad at the 
base, and ri.ses like a broad lance, the tipper part of which terminates in three 
indentations ; the oars are also broad, hut not close down in front, owing 
to their being partially attached to the chanfrin. The tail is short, but 
remarkable iti this respect, that, for a third of its length, it is free above 
the intcifemoral meiuhraiie, whicli is cut square off, but makes up in 
breadth what it wants in length, and thus the lower part of the tibia is 
free from membrane. 
M. Gcoilroy reports that this species is found in the deepest excava- 
tions of the nionntains, and especially in the most retired portions of the 
sepulchres of the Egy[)tian kings at the temple of Denderah. M. Rup- 
pellcapitircd many of them during liis travels in Egypt and Nubia. 
7. RHINOLOPIIUS TRICUSPIDATUS LEAST IIORSE-SHOE 
BAT. 
Sy«. ct Icon. RiHNOLOPHti tmouspe.— Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 20, pi. 29, 
fig. -I. 
SPECIFIC CIIAKACTEKS. 
The IIaiii reddish-brown. 
The Nasal Appendage with three points above. 
Inhabits tliu Molucca Islands. 
This is the smallest of the known Rhinolophi ; its total length being 
two inches and three lines, ten hues of which go to the tail ; the extreme 
expanse is about seven and a half. Tlie ears are small, higher titan 
wide, and pointed. The nose-leaf is large, and nearly square, terminat- 
ing superiorly in three points, that of the centre being spear-shaped, and 
the lateral one drawing to a converging point. The hnr.sc-sIioo is sur- 
lounded by a small rudimentary membrane. The extreme expanse is 
very great when com[)arcd to the very small size of the hotly ; the interfe- 
moral membrane also is large cut stpiare. and surpassed to the extent of 
two lines by the free extremity of the tail. The two upper incisors are 
very fine, distant, aud converging at their points; the four inferior are. 
tri-lohcd : there is a false hi-lulied molar in the tqiperjaw. 'I'lio fur is short, 
fine, smooth Iteluw; of a clear rpdtli,h-brown above, hut light brown at 
its base, llic points oil tlie back being hlackish-hrown ; the colour is pure 
brown upon the side, aud towards the croup ; the membranes are blackish. 
MM. M.icklot and Miiller discovered this small species iluriiig their sojourn 
amongst the Molucca group. 
(B.) Nose-leaf more or leso complicated, the 
POSTERIOR LEAFLET BEING SPEAR-SHAPED, AND A 
foot-stalk rising from the centre of THE 
HOUSE-SHOE. — (PllYLLOIlHINA, Boiia]).) 
8. RHINOLOPIIUS LUCTUS MOURNING HORSE-SHOE BAT. 
St/n. ct Icon. Rhinolopiie Decil.— Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 24, pi. 30. 
VOL. n. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair sootj' black, with asb-coloured tips. 
The Nasal Appendage shaped like a Maltese cross, rounded on tbe 
edges, and consisting of several leaflets. 
The Ears very large, pointed, almost united at the base, with a large 
rounded lobe. 
Inhabits Java. 
The Mourning Horse-shoe Bat is much larger than any of our Euro- 
pean species, being five inches long, of which tbe tail and membrane 
occupy one inch eight lines, and the extreme expanse is fourteen 
inches two lines, thus equalling the dimensions of tlieiL nobilis, our first 
species. The cutaneous system is excessively developed in the breadth 
of the wings, the immense size of the ears, and the nasal appendages, 
which so overshadow the countenance that its usual featuies cannot even 
be discerned : tlie wings withal are short in proportion to the volume of 
the body ; the tail is as long at the hinder limbs, and its point exceeds the 
limit of the interfemorid membrane. The enormous ears are almost unit- 
ed at their base, and tlitir mesial margins nearly touch; they are much 
pointed at tlieir tips, which turn somewhat outwards; the conebte are 
very broad, and liave a great rounded lobe which is used to close tbe 
external foramen. The nasal apparatus is composed of a great number 
of leaflets. The horse-shoe is formed of a great membrane which over- 
hangs tbe whole of tbe upper iip; it is connected at its extremities, and 
by a lateral prolongation to the first set of membranous leaflets which 
form the spear-bead ; from the centre of the horse-shoe springs tbe great 
lenf-stalk, supporting four leaflets, which form precisely a Maltese cross, 
with rounded edges; and behind the leaf-stalk the spear-head rises, com- 
posed of three rows of leaves, tlie first two of which are rounded, and 
the tliird pointed and blunt. There are two triangular warts upon the 
lower lip. The cranium seems to be in an extraordinary degree com- 
pressed between the zygomatic arches, in which a triangular cavity is 
formed, tiiiitirig the protuberance of the chanfrin to the strong and large 
coronal crest. The two upper incisors are fixed in the cartilage, are ob- 
tuse, and somewhat removed from each other; the four lower ones are 
tri-lobed and crowded. There is a sixth small and obtuse molar tooth in 
the lower jaw, placed between the false and true molars, without any 
fellow above, not in the line of the others, and without any apparent 
function. 
The fur in this species is exceedingly long, abundant, and woolly; the 
head is ncarl}' entirely covered by the hair, which does not pervade the 
membranes, but abounds on the coccy'geal and pubic regions. Tbe colour 
of the coat is the same in tlie two sexes: it is dull sooty-black, with the 
tips of the hairs light grey, so forming a slight ash-coloiired cloud over the 
whole robe. The membranes and leaflets are quite black. 
A female of this species was first discovered by M. Boie in the wild 
district of Tapos in Java ; but several others have since been added to 
the Leyden Museum. 
9. RHINOLOPIIUS EURYOTIS — BROAD-EARED HORSE-SHOE 
BAT. 
S^». RiiiNOt.OPHUS EiiiiYOTis. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 26. 
Icon. lb. pi. 29, fig. 5, (bead.) 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair brown, tending to reddish above, and whitish beneath. 
The Nasal Appendage very complicated, (see description.) 
The Ears very broad, points turned outwards, with a broad lobe. 
Inhabits the Molucca Islands. 
The dimensions of the Euryotis are about three inches in extreme 
length, and a font in extreme breadth. The cutaneous system and ears 
are greatly developed ; the tail very short, only one-third the length of 
the liliia. Owing to the shoiTiiess of this appendage the intcrfemoral 
membrane has the appearance of a curtain which is drawn up in the 
middle, and, after it is dried, and the fpocimen prepared, the membrane 
forms a large semicircle, the extremities of whicli are connected with the 
cartilages of the tarsi. The cars are not united, and their points are 
turned outwards ; the conchas are very broad, much sloped, and give rise 
to a large round lobe, which closes tbe organ. There is a large spear- 
head behind the leaf-stalk, supporting a solitary leaflet, which is ob- 
long, straight, and having a point which is dome-shaped; there is a 
small descending lobe upon each side of tbe nostril appatently intended 
to close th.it avenue : the horse-shoe is surrounded by a very broad uni- 
form membrane, which conceals the upper jaw, and is united on both 
sides to the spcar-liead starting from behind the leaf-stalk. There are 
four great warts on the margin of the lower lip, and the gape is very 
wide. The two incisors above are very small, widely separated, and at- 
I 
