THE HORSE-SHOE BATS. 
35 
This species, which has recently been sent in considerable quantities 
from Japan, is somewhat larger in all its dimensions than the unihastatus of 
Europe. Its alar membranes are sufficiently developed, but not in the same 
proportion to the size of the body ; the tail, somewhat larger than half 
the length of the fore-arm, is wholly enveloped in the large interfemoral 
membrane, which is cut horizontally across ; the ears are large, long, and 
terminated in a point; the broad and great horse-shoe, which is surrounded 
with two membtanes, springs from the stem deeply hollowed and furrowed 
in front, and rises in an obtuse point; the spear-head is simple, formed 
of a single membrane, which is long and pointed ; and quite covered with 
long hairs. One single warty excrescence pervades the whole of the 
lower lip. The upper incisors, wide apart, are placed at the angles of 
the moveable cartilage ; the four lower ones are crowded, and tri-lobed. 
There are only four molars above, owing to the complete want of the 
small false one. 
The fur is very long and silky; the ears naked, but with the lobe clad 
at its base. All the superior parts of the male are brown, although the 
base of the hairs is of a whitish ash colour, which makes the wliole ap- 
pear greyish-hrovvn ; underneath the hairs are ash-coloured at their roots, 
and tipped with brown. Tlie membr.anes of the male have a brown tint ; 
those of the female a slight rosy shade. The upper parts of lier robe 
are of a dull red colour, although the base of the hairs is wliitish ; 
underneath she is whitish, with a slight tint of red. 
This animal invariably differs from the unihastatus of Europe in the 
relative dimensions of the tail with the total length, and though the body 
is more robust, the wings are shorter and broader; the nasal leafy appa- 
ratus is also more developed, and tire ears are larger and not so hairy. 
Lastly, the fur is longer, more silky, and less lustrous than in the above 
named Bat. 
13. RHINOLOPHUS AFFINIS.— AFFINIS IIORSE-SIIOE BAT. 
Syn. RiiiNOt.ornus Aitinis Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 31. 
Icon, Ibid. pi. 29, fig G, (head,) — pi. 32, fig. 16 and 17, (cran.) 
SPECinC CHARACTERS. 
Till! Hair in the male sooty-brown above, ash-brown beneath ; in 
the female, russet-brown above, reddish beneath. 
The Nasal Ai*penuaoe complicated. The Lower Jaw with four 
warts. 
I."JHADiTS Java and Sumatra. 
This species was first indicated by Dr Horsfield, but in terms so laco- 
nic that it could not have been recognised without difficulty. M. Van 
Hasselt captured them in great numbers, in certain giottoes in Java and 
neighbouring islands, where they associate in great bands, suspended to 
the roof of the caverns ; they live upon nocturnal insects, utter an insig- 
nificant cry when on the wing, and exhale a powerful odour. 
The Aflinis is of smaller dimensions than the unihastatus of Europe ; the 
tail is half tlie size of the fore-arm ; the ears are large, and terminate in a 
point; they are slightly keel-shaped, possessing a considerable lower 
lobe, whose point is lounded at the sides. The lanceolate leaf is 
united with a rounded follicle, and there is a strong leaf-stalk in the centre 
of the horse-shoe, which is surrounded by two membranes. There 
are four warts on the lower jaw, the central ones of which are tri- 
angular, and the external longitudinal. The upper incisors are wide 
asunder, the lamina; on which they are supported being separated by the 
intcivening cartilage, they are also very minute, .and on fulling out leave 
no trace hehind. Tlie four lower ones are also very smafl ; the fiftli 
molar above is in the same line with the others, and forms a poinled 
false molar; the number of six molars in the lower jaw is made up by a 
very small tooth which rests upon the last two molars. The fur is 
abundant, somewhat rough, and of a uniform colour, covering the mem- 
brane which runs along the flanks underneath. The males are above ofa 
sooty-brown colour, beneath ash-brown. The females above are russet- 
brown, beneath hrightish red. The membranes are blackish-biown. 
14... RHINOLOPHUS ROUXII.— ROUX’ IIORSE-SHOE B.\T. 
Syn. Riiinolopucs Rouxii. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 30. b. 
Icon. 
SPECiriC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair in the males brownish above, light grey beneath ; in the 
females bright red above, golden red beueath. 
Inhabits Mindoostan. 
This species has been designated by M. Temminck after M. Roux, a 
Erench Naturalist, who, with uncommon assiduity, commenced his labours 
in the vast field of India, and there speedily found his tomb. It ap- 
pears to range over a wide space, is common in the museums of Pondi- 
cherry and Calcutta, and has been abundantly sent from other quarters to 
this country. 
So far as is yet known, it has no incisors in the upper jaw, the car- 
tilage appearing too thin and diaphanous for their support. It is possible, 
however, that they may appear at an early period of life, and the more 
so that M. Temminck has only examined adult specimens. The upper 
molars are of the same number as in the affinis ; whilst the lower are only 
five, or one less, owing to the absence of the very small one. The fur 
is very short, cottony, and frizzled, and covers the body only, without 
forming any fringe along the membranes where attached to the sides. 
The niales are above of a brownish shade, although the base of the hairs 
is ash-grey ; underneath they are light grey, somewhat darker on the 
arm and flanks. The females are above of a bright red, although the 
tips of the hairs are reddish brown ; the inferior parts are of a beautiful 
golden red ; more randy the tints are a pale russet above and an ash red 
beneath. The total length of this species is about three and a half 
inches, the tail occupying nearly an inch. The extreme width is nearly 
a foot. 
15. RHINOLOPHUS CLIVOSUS.— CLOVEN-LEAF HORSE-SHOE 
BAT. 
Syn. RHINOLOPHUS Geoffroyh Smith, in Zool. Jour. IV. 433. 
RHINOLOPHUS Clivosus. — T emm. Mon. Mam. 11. 32. 
RHINOLOPHUS Capensis. — Liclitenst. Doublet, p. 6. 
Icon. Rupp. All. pi. 18. — Tern. pi. 29, fig. 7, (head,) — pi. 32, fig. 18, (cran.) 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair greyish-white. 
The Nasal Appendage lance-shaped; the leaf-stem cloven in front. 
The Lower Lip with a single w'art. 
Inhabits Egypt, Southern Africa, Dalmatia, and the Levant. 
The tail of this species is a third of the length of the fore-arm, and 
much longer than the tibia. The ears are large, terminate in a point, 
are somewhat cut awa}', and supplied with five rugtc ; the lower lobe, 
very large, is covered with hair, and completely shuts up the organ. 
The nose-leaf is simple, lance-shaped, somewhat elevated, and clad with 
hair. The leaf-stem is completely naked, (a remark which extends to 
all the species of this section,) and furrowed or somewhat cleft in front, 
(whence probably its name,) and rises from the centre of the horse-shoe, 
which is formed of a single membrane though funnel-shaped. A single 
wart is conspicuous on the margin of the lower lip. The two upper in- 
cisors, imperceptible to the naked eye, are wide asunder, the four lower 
ones are crowded, and have each three cusps ; there are four upper mo- 
lars, though sometimes there may he also a small additional anormal one, 
and five lower. The fur is lung and copious, and abundantly covers the 
side membranes both above and below. The hair above is bi-coloured, 
below of a uniform tint. The upper portions of the body are whitish, 
the base of the hairs, which are tipt with grey, being of the tint of wine 
lees; the lower parts of the body are likewise whitish and of the same 
shade : all the membranes are black and diaphanous, having the colour of a 
light shade of China ink. The total length is about three inches, the tail 
extending to about eighteen lines ; the extreme breadth is about a foot. 
Specimens of this species have been derived both from the northern 
and southern parts of the African continent. It is common near Cape- 
Town, and M. Buppell captured it in Egypt. Individuals from these two 
regions have been carefully compared, and no otlier difference can be de- 
tected than that the specimens from the Cape have the fur somewhat 
darker than those from Egypt. This animal is also found in Dalmatia 
and in the Levant, so that it may be classed in our catalogues as one of 
the European Mammalia. 
IG. RHINOLOPHUS BIHASTATUS.— LITTLE HORSE-SHOE 
BAT. 
Syn. Le Petit Ff.r-1 cheval. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 118. 
Vespkrtilio inprosiDEROs. — Bcchst. 
RHINOLOPHUS BIHASTATUS GeofT. Ann. Mus. XX. 259. 
Icon, Geoff, loc. cit. pi. 5. (R. Bifer.) 
Baft'. Hist. Nat. VIII. 17, fig. 2. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair white, with the tips reddish. 
The Nasal Appendage lanceolate, erect, reddish ; a second lance- 
shaped membrane in the centre. 
I.NHABITS France and Germany. 
The 11. Bihastatus is rare even in the districts it most frequents. It 
is found both in Germany and France, delighting in old buildings and 
