36 
ORDER CHIROPTERA. 
■GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 
caverns ; in these it prefers those nooks which are most inaccessible and 
obscure, and hence is scarcely ever found witliout much difficulty. The 
size of the largest individuals is about three inches in length, with an ex- 
panse of about ten. 
The tail is two-thirds the length of the fore-atm, and enveloped in the 
interfemoral membrane. The ears are very large, with the point bent 
outwards, much sloped, and more approximated than in the unihasta- 
im ; they have very large and well marked lower lobes. The r.ose- 
leaf is straight, lance-shaped, and covered with a few hairs ; the horse- 
shoe is surrounded by three ranges of membranous folds ; there is also a 
leaf-stalk which supports a second lance-shaped membrane which springs 
from the midst of the horse-shoe. There is a single wart upon the mar- 
gin of the lower lip. M. Temminck informs us that he has not found in- 
cisors in the upper jaw at any period of life ; the chanfrin is simply car- 
tilaginous, and there is no trace of lamina:. The four lower incisors are 
extremely small. The first of the five molars of the lower jaw is in the 
same line with the others, and not at the heel of the canine as in the 
unihastatus. The whole fur is of a beautiful shining white colour, al- 
though in the adult the tips of the hairs in the superior parts of the 
body arc dark coloured, a tint which extends to about a hall of each 
hair in the young. The membranes are diaphanous, of a deep ash- 
colour in the males, and yellowish in the females. 
17. RHINOLOPHUS MINOR.— DWARF HORSE-SHOE BAT. 
Syn. RHINOLOPHUS Minor. — Horsf. Jav. 
Icon. Temm. Mon. 11. pi. 32, fig. 20 and 21, (cran.) 
SPECIFIC CIIARACTEIIS. 
The Hair in the male dark-brown above, lighter beneath ; in the fe- 
male red, deeper above. 
The Nasal Appexdaue lanceolate, complicated. 
Inhabits Java, Sumatra, and Timor. 
This Rhinolophus is about the size of the last species, the Bihastatus 
of Europe. The cars are shaped as in that animal, much sloped, and 
having a largely developed lobe on the side. The tail is of the length of 
the tibia and toes, or two-thirds the length of the fore-arm. The nose- 
leaf is complicated, consisting of a spear-head, bristled with hair at its 
point a leaf-stalk divided at its upper part into indentations, the one 
of which points forward, and the other is bent to the riglit side, and the 
horse-shoe very large and festooned. The upper incisors approximate 
and are tri-lobed, as are also the four inferior ; there is a pointed ano- 
malous molar iu the upper jaw. The fur of the male is dark brown, 
slightly tinged with grey above, and light brown ash beneath. The fe- 
male is wholly red, deeper above than beneath. The young females are 
of the same markings with the males. The robe of some is found 
spotted with red and brown, and these are usually females, whilst pass- 
ing from the one dress to the other. The length of the adult is about 
two and a half inches, the tail occupying about ten lines ; the extreme 
expanse is about ten inches. 
Dr Ilorsfield first supplied a succinct account of this species in his 
Zoological Researches, and the Dutch Naturalists in India have since 
more abundantly furnished materials for description. 
18. RHINOLOPHUS PUSILLUS.— PIGMY HORSE-SHOE BAT. 
Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophus Pusillus. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. p. 36, pi. 
29, fig. 8, (head,) — pi. 32, fig. 22 and 23, (cran.) 
' SPECIFIC CIIARACTFIIS. 
The Hair white, brown at the tips above, chocolate colour beneath. 
The Nasal Appendage elevated, lanceolate, complicated. 
Inhauits Java. 
The Pusilhts is a trifle smaller than the preceding species, and has 
ears of precisely the same shape ; the tail is likewise of the length of 
the tibia and toes. The very high nose-leaf consists of the spear-liead, 
which is supplied with bristles from the loaf-stem, iu front of which there 
is a narrow leaf whose point bends forward, and the horse-shoe com- 
posed of a broad memhrane. There arc two warts on the lower lip. 
The two upper incisors, which are scarcely visible with a glass, are 
obtusely pointed and wide asunder, tlie false molar is also pointed. The 
fur of both sexes is strikingly party-coloured above, and of a uniform 
tint beneath. Upon the upper part of the body the hairs are long, and 
pure white from the base to about two-thirds of their length, the rest 
is ash-brown, so producing a mixture of white and light brown ; under- 
neath the only tint is fawn-colour, like that of cafi-uu-lait, darkest to- 
wards the sides. 
This species was discovered by those Naturalists from the Low 
Countries, who have been recently making investigations over the Con- 
tinent of India. It prefers trees and old buildings. In many of its 
characters it might be mistaken for the R. minor, but is easily dis- 
tinguished by its very distinct party-coloured fur, and also from there 
being scarcely any difierence between the markings of tlie male and 
female. 
19. RHINOLOPHUS CORNUTUS.— HORNED HORSE-SHOE BAT. 
Syn. RiiiNOLOPUE Cornu — T emm. Mon. Mam. 11. 37 
Icon. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair light yellow, darker at the points above ; whitish, and 
reddish-brown at the points beneath. 
The Nasal Appendage complicated, lanceolate, broad. 
Inhabits Japan. 
The Horned Rhinolophus has within these few years been sent from 
Japan by M. Ctirger to Leyden, wlicre it fell under the investigation of 
M. Temminck. Its extreme expanse is somewhat le.“s than that of the 
Bihastatus. Tlie ears are very large, pointed, sloped at their inner mar- 
gin, and are furnished with a very large lobe. The tail is completely 
enveloped in the interfemoral membrane, wltich is terminated by u horizon- 
tal line across; it is longer than the tibia. The membrane of the horse- 
shoe is broad ; the leaf is complicated, consisting of the spear-liead bris- 
tled with hairs, and the leaf-stem standing up like an obtuse horn, inclin- 
ing forwards. The upper incisors are very small and widely spaced; 
the four lower ones are crowded and tri-Iobed. The fur is long, silky, 
and party-coloured throughout ; underneath it is pale yellow, the hairs 
being tipt of tlie colour of wine lees ; on the upper parts tlie roots of the 
hairs, and half their extent, arc whitish, and the points are reddish-brown ; 
all the membranes are liglit black. 
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
1. R. Landfrt (Proc. Zool. Soc. Part V. 101.) — Towards the close 
of the year 1837, Mr W. Martin exhihiled to the Zoological Society 
a specimen of the above animal, accompanied with the following descrip- 
tion. 
This be.Tiitiful little species of Bat is a genuine Rhinoloplius ; the 
nasal appendages consist of a horse-shoe, a crest, and an elevated leaf. 
Tlie horse-shoe is broad, with indications of a double furrow ; its outer 
margin is free, and bifid anteriorly. In its centre is placed a little cup-like 
depression, with an elevated rim, from the back of wliicli rises a bifid 
crest, not much elevated ; the large apex is the posterior of the two. On 
each side of this crest and behind it, the skin, continued from the liorse- 
sbop, and forming the base of the leaf, is furrowed by two deep but un- 
equal jii/e/, with a marked posterior ridge, elevated across the base of the 
leaf, whicli latter etuis in a sliort acute lanceolate point ; posteriorly it is 
curved with short hairs, anterioily it is nearly naked : its length is two 
lilies. The ears are large, broad, and pointed, the outer margin is emar- 
giimte, and passes into a round accessory lobe, closing tlie ear anteriorly. 
The mlibrachia are short, the thumbs small, the tibia slender. The fur 
is soft and delicate, and of a fine liglit or lulous chestnut, a little darker 
on the middle of the back ; the wings are blackish. The length of tlie 
head and body of this specimen is one inch 4 1 lines, of the tail 9'", of the 
ear 7.V, oft he atitibrachium 1" 7^"', of the leg 8"', of the spur 4|"', the ex- 
tent of the wings 9". It is to be regretted there is no accompanying plate. 
Mr Martin named this species in honour of the late enterprising hut un- 
fortunate Mr Lander, during whoso expedition it was taken at Fernando 
Po. 
2. R. Co.uMERSONii Ann. Mus. XX. 2C3. — Tern. Mon. Mam. II. 21. 
Under tliis appellation M. GeolTroy alludes to a Bat which was no- 
ticed iu the drawings and notes of Commcrcon, under the title of the Port- 
Dauphiii Bat of the Island of Madagascar. M. Gcoffroy published an 
excellent representation of the original drawing, whence it would appear 
to be a true Rhinolophus. M. Temminck again copies it in his Mono- 
graph. The characters assigned by Commerijon are so fiir from being spe- 
cific, that, according to Temminck, they might be applied to all the known 
Rhinolophi, and probably to all that will ever he discovered. We need 
not therefore trouble the reader with them. 
3. R. La.matus (Ilorsfield’s Java.) — M. Temminck puts into this 
same category the above species of Dr Ilorsfield, which, though 
detailed with minute accuracy in the Zoological Researches, yet wants 
specific characters to distinguish it from some tlirco or four of its con- 
geners. Iu addition to this important deficiency, there is the fact 
that, of the many Natnrahsts who, since Dr II. 's time, liave been ex- 
ploring the different districts of Java, none of them have sent home a 
specimen lequiring a specific arrangement diffetent from those already 
described- 
4. R. Dukhunensis An animal under this appellation is enumerated 
in the “ CalaloQuc of the Mammalia observed at Dulibun, fast Indies. 
By Major Sykes. The description is brief, and tlieicfore we are not to 
