40 
ORDER CHIROPTERA^RHINOPOMA— TAPHOZOUS. 
the Vampire. In the morning, the spot where the bite had been inflicted 
was easily distinguished from being slightly swollen and bloody. The 
third day afterwards we rode the liorse, without any ill effects.” 
“The structure of this animal,” says Mr Waterhouse, “is found per- 
fectly to correspond with its habits. There is a total absence of true 
molars, [which, however, must surely have been accidental,] and consequent 
want of the power of masticating food. On the other hand, the canines 
and incisors are perfectly fitted for inflicting a wound, while the small size 
of the interfemoral membrane, giving freedom to the legs, together with 
the unusually large thumb and claw, enable the Bat to fix itself with se- 
curity to the body of its prey.” 
GENUS XVIII. RHINOPOMA.— LID-NOSE BATS. 
Syn. Les EhinopOMES. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 119. — Geoff. Collect, du Mus. 
— Desm. Mam. p. 129, et a1. 
GBNERIC CHARACTERS. 
The Dkntai. Formula 
The Nose long, conical, truncated ; Nose-leaf small ; Nostrils nar- 
row, transversal, and covered with a lid. 
The Chanfrin broad and concave. 
The Ears large, united, and connected with face ; the Tragus exter- 
nal. 
The Interfemoral Membrane narrow and truncated. The Tail 
long, and free towards the tip. 
Inhabits Egypt. 
The fossa upon the chanfrin of the Rhinoporaa is^Iess marked 
than in the preceding genus, Nycteris ; the nostrils, at the end of 
the snout, and the small lid which overhangs them, resemble the 
knife used in dressing the hoofs of horses ; their ears are united, 
and their tail extends considerably beyond the membrane. Only 
one species is as yet ascertained, which was found among the pyra- 
mids. 
1. RHINOPOMA MICROPHYLLUM SMALL-LEAF LID-NOSE 
BAT. 
Sijn. et Icon. Rhinopome micrOpiiylle Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 119. — Desm. 
Mara. No. 193. — Geoff. Descript. del’Egypte, Part. d’Hist. 
Nat. II. 
Vespertilio microphyllus. — Brunnich Dcscript. du Cabinet 
de Copenliague, p. 50, tab. 6, fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. — Scbreb. 
Chauve-souris d’Egypte Belon de la Nature des Oiseaux, liv. 
2, cliap. 39. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair ash-coloured. 
The Tail very long and slender. 
Inhabits Egypt. 
This Bat is rather more than two inches long, the tail being about two 
more ; its extreme breadth is about eight inches. Its fur is long and 
thick, of an ash-colour j the tail, which is composed of eleven vertebra:, 
is black and smooth, and far surpasses the interfemoral membrane, which 
is extremely short ; and receives no support from tarsal spurs. The nos- 
trils and upper lip exhibit an apparatus which is sufficiently complicated, 
and which projects beyond the jaw j they appear truncated at the extre- 
mity, and terminate in a kind of circular fold, surmounted by a small 
leaflet, and pierced'in the centre by two oblique clefts, which are the 
nasal apertures, and which, at the will of the animal, are very conspicu- 
ously opened and closed, as occurs in Seals. The leaflet, at the upper 
part of the nasal cartilage, also moves separately. The nostrils, which 
are prolonged across the lip of the upper jaw, are very narrow, and ter- 
minate in a chamber which is very short, but greatly widened by the curve 
of the intermaxillary bone above. The intermaxillary bone is entire, and 
fixed firmly into the maxillaries. The two upper incisors are wide asunder ; 
the four lower are crowded. The ear projects anteriorly, and unites with 
its fellow. The tmgus is on the edge of the meatus, projecting somewhat 
externally. 
Belon was the first who discovered this Bat, and in the pyramids of 
Cairo. Hasselquist alluded to some which were taken in the pyramid of 
Gyzeh, but which were for a long time overlooked, until again described 
in the vear 1782 by Brunnich. M. Geoffroy found tins species in many 
of the tombs of Upper Egypt j he observed that, when provoked, it was 
very irritable, like our European Bats ; hut that when at liberty, wbat 
mok attracted attention was the movement of its nostrils corresponding with 
that of the chest ; sometimes closing them so completely that no trace 
can be seen, and then covering them with its leaflet. 
DOUBTFUL species. 
1. M. Geoffroy slates, that he believes there is a second species of the 
same genus in Egypt, which differs from the former chiefly in having a 
shorter tail, and a less acute snout. He does not supply a ntime for it. 
2. Rhinofoma Caroliniensis. (Geoff. Collect, du Mus. — Desm. Mam. 
No. 194.) 
A specimen of this animal was presented to the Paris Natural History 
Museum by M. Broiigniart, who thought, although by no means certain, 
that it came from Carolina. In length and breadth it corresponds with 
the microphyllum ; its tail, however, is only one and a half inch long ; its 
ears are somewhat triangular in shape, and do not appear to coalesce ; 
the lower incisors are described as bi-lobcd. The fur is brown, and the 
membranes dark. 
3. Rhinofoma Hardwickii. Gray, Zoo!. Misc. 37 — Mag. of Zool. 
and Rot. II. 486. 
Dark brown, rather paler beneath ; tail longer than the body, more 
than two-tbirds free. Inhabits Bengal. General Hardwicke’s Collec- 
tion ; the Collection of the British Museum. Such is Mr Gray’s de- 
scription. 
GENUS XIX. TAPHOZOUS.— WING-POUCHED BATS. 
Syn. Taphozous. — Reg. Anim. I. 119. — Geoff. Mem. de I’Inst. d’Egypte 
Hist. Nat. II. 129; etal. 
Vespertilio. — Schreb, Muller, — Saccopteuyx. — (Taschelfittig.) — Illig. 
Frodr. p. 121. 
GENERIC characters. 
The Dental Formula 
»| C.f(2F-f3)M_12_ „,, 
|2.f C-j-(2F-t-3)M 16 
The Chanfrin furrowed, but without overlapping edges or lids. 
The Nose destitute of a nose-leaf. 
The Upper-Lip very thick. The Muzzle produced. 
The Ears of moderate size. The Operculum internal. 
The Interfemoral Membrane large and salient. The Tail com- 
posed of six vertebrtc, not so long as the membrane, and free on its up- 
per side. 
Inhabits the Old and New Continents. 
The Taphiens have a rounded fossa on the chanfrin ; but their 
nostrils are not furnished with any projecting lamina:; their head 
is pyramidal ; and they have only two incisors above, (?) which 
are often wanting. They have four lower incisors, which are tri- 
lobed ; their ears do not meet, and their tail is free above the mem- 
brane. The males have a transversal cavity under the throat, (?) and 
a slight prolongation of their alar membrane forms a kind of pouch 
near the carpus. M. Geoffroy discovered one of tlie species in the 
catacombs of Egypt. 
This genus, as hinted above, was establislied by M. Geoffroy in the 
grand work of LTnstitut d’Egypte. Recent examination has demon- 
strated that it has no incisors in the upper jaw ; the four lower ones are 
tri-lobed. The canines are distinct, long, and conical. 
1. TAPHOZOUS PERFORATD&— PERFORATED WING- 
POUCHED BAT. 
Syn. Taphozous perforaths. — Geoff. Dcscript. d’Egypte, Hist. Nat. II. 126. 
— Fisch. p. 120. 
Le Taphif.n PEBFORk Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 120 Desm. Mam. No. 
197. — Less. Mam. No. 191. — Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 
499. 
JeoTu Geoft'roy, loc. cit. pi. III. fig. 1. — (Skeleton and cranium,) fig. 4,4, 4. 
specific characters. 
The Hair roddisli-grey above, ash-coloured beneath. 
The Operculum in the form of a hatchet. 
Inhabits Egypt. 
The muzzle of this species is obtuse ; the tail is longer than the thigli 
bone; the spur which supports the interfemoral membrane is longer than 
the foot ; the operculum, or tragus, is in shape of a hatchet, and ter- 
minates in a round edge; the ears are oblong. The upper lip extends 
somewhat beyond the lower jaw ; the nasal apertures are very narrow, 
of a circular form, and partly covered by a membrane. The chanfrin is 
liollowed out. 'f he fur is plentiful ; the roots of the hair are all white ; 
but the points being coloured, the upper parts are reddish-grey, and the 
lower ash-coloured. The length of the liead and body is somewhat more 
than three inches ; the extreme breadth nearly ten. 
