THE PROPER BATS. 
49 
the preceding, are quite free above the spur, the membranes taking their 
origin near the extremity of the tibia. Its muzzle is very short and ob- 
tuse ; the ears of medium size, and not much sloped ; tlie tragus long, 
like the willow leaf ; the interfemoral membrane short, and covered above 
and beneath with scattered hairs. The fur is short, smooth, and bi- 
coloured. The upper parts are of a greyish-brown colour, the lower whitish; 
the membranes are brown, and there are no conspicuous differences be- 
tween the sexes. The total length is about three inches, the breadth 
nine. 
21. V. HUMERALIS— BLACK-SMOULDERED BAT. 
This Bat was procured by M. Baillon, in the neighbourhood of Abbe- 
ville, and was there examined by M. Temminck. Ith.is not been seen 
out of France. It might be readily confounded with the mystacinus and 
mnarginatus ; it differs, however, from the former, by its smaller size, 
larger and more sloped ears, its longer tail, and the complete nudity of the 
membranes ; and from the latter, by the emarginaiut being larger, having its 
ears more sloped, and its fur always of a more or less red hue. This Bat is 
distinguished from all its congeners, by a large black spot on the shoul- 
ders, at the base of the humerus, and its long and sloping ears. The 
fur is long and cottony ; it has a considerable beard, which is black ; the 
tragus is long and lance-shaped ; the membranes are blackish and naked, 
the tip of the tail free. As to colour, the superior parts have the hair 
black at the base, and then ash-brown ; the inferior also black at the 
base, but whitish towards the point ; the black spot covers the insertion 
of the wings. The entire length is near three inches, the expanse seven. 
22. V. VISPISTRELLUS.— THE VISPISTRELLE BAT. 
The Vispistrelle Bat has received its name from its close resemblance 
to the Pipistrelle. Inhabiting Italy, and the southern countries of 
Europe, they seem, remarks the Prince of Musignano, to maintain the 
same relation that the Cisalpine sparrow bears to our common domestic 
one, and their habits are scarcely distinguishable. The present species 
is, however, always somewhat larger than the other, perhaps a sixth, 
and wants a false molar in the upper jaw, which the other possesses ; the 
marking, too, is somewhat different. The fur is long and silky, each hair 
on the upper parts of the body having a brown base, and a reddish-ash 
point, which assumes a yellowish hue on the forehead and base of the 
ears ; on the inferior parts tlie hairs are throughout of a brown tint, but 
their tip is light red. The cutaneous system is fulvous brown. In the 
young the tints are somewhat darker. The entire length is three inches, 
three lines (French), the breadth eight inches and a half. — (Fig. in Bonap. 
Faun. Ital.) 
23. V. KUHLII.— KUHL’S BAT. 
M. Natterer conferred its name upon this Bat, which he captured at 
Trieste; it has also been found in Dalmatia and Central Italy, and is 
probably common throughout the Levant. Kulil’s Bat is .about the size 
of the Fipislrclle, with which it may very readily be confounded. The 
head is large, the muzzle obtuse, the eyes surmounted by a bunch of 
hairs, the ears completely triangular, regular at their external margin, and 
large at their base ; the tragus is wide, leaf-shaped, round at the point ; 
the cutaneous system is black ; the alar membranes, and half of the 
interfemoral, are clad. The upper incisors are in pairs, most unequal in 
size, the interntil pair being large, and those next the canines very small. 
The entire length is three inches, the expanse eight and a half. The fur 
is bi-coloured throughout, more abundant, and somewhat longer than in 
the Pipistrelle, and a broad riband of hair goes round the whole body; the 
half of the interfemoral membrane is covered. Above, the colour Is red- 
dish-brown, ochre-like ; and beneath it is somewhat lighter than in the 
Pipistrelle ; tlie riband above alluded to is greyish ; the inembianes are 
very smooth, and wholly black ; there are a few hairs on the thumb and 
toes. — (Fig. in Temm. Mon. II. pi. 51, fig. 5 and C.) 
24. V. SAVir — SAVES BAT. 
Savi’s Bat is accurately depicted in the Icon. del. Faun. Ital. by the 
Prince de Musignano, and had previously been sent to Leyden by M. 
Cantraine. It has been found on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in 
Dalmatia, and Sardinia. Its body is somewhat more robust than that of 
the two foregoing species, but the expanse is less ; the tail is very long, 
and lias a fine free point ; the muzzle is broad and obtuse. The ears 
broad, with a fold forw.lrds, trianguhir, but round at the point, and clad 
to about a half ; the tragus short and wide. The fur is bi-coloured, and 
not unlike that of the parti-coloured Bat. The superior parts of the body 
are of a lively inarone colour; the cheeks and chin brown; the inferior 
parts are blackish-brown ; the interfemoral membrane is quite naked. The 
dimensions, taken from one specimen, were three inches entire length, 
breadth eight. 
VOL, II 
25. V. ALCYTHOE.— THE ALCYTHOE BAT. 
This, and the two succeeding species, have lately been introduced to 
notice by the Prince de Musignano, with coloured portraits, and detailed 
descriptions ; they all belong to the south of Europe. The cranium of 
this one is depressed ; its incisors unequal, the ears pointed, and the fur 
bi-coloured. The nose is depressed at the point, and slightly indented 
between the nostrils; the orbital region is naked, and the eyes sur- 
mounted with long and silky eye-brows ; the ears are sm.all, terminate in 
a round point, and their breadth is equal to half their length ; the tragus 
is half as long as the auricle ; the tail quite included in the interfemoral 
membrane. The fur is long, bushy, and of two colours. The muzzle 
and forehead is of a greyish Isabelle colour ; the hairs are blackish from 
their base to half their extent, and then of an Isabelle tint ; those of the 
abdomen are the same at their base, but cinnamon coloured at the tip. 
The membranes are reddish, and clad along the flanks and thighs with 
tufted hair, of a reddish-grey colour. The total length is about three 
inches, the breadth somewhat more than eight. It inhabits Sicily — (Fig. 
in Bonap. Fauna Ital.) 
26. V. LEUCIPPE THE LEUCIPPE BAT. 
This species is to be distinguished by the beautiful silvery tint of its 
inferior parts, and the cinnamon colour of the back. The muzzle is large, 
wide, and roundish, describing nearly a semicircle ; the commissure of tne 
lips reaches to the ear. This appendage is a fifth less in length than tne 
head, and a third less wide than long; it is roundish, and somewhat 
sloped away at its upper parts ; the tragus is a third shorter than the con- 
cha, and of a semi-orbicular form. The interfemoral membrane is poly- 
gonous in shape, and has no tiny bristles, nor lobule. The fur is long, 
bushy, and bi-coloured throughout ; on the upper parts of the body it is 
black at the root, and light-cinnamon at the tip ; on the lower, of a deep 
grey at the base, and silvery-white at the points. The membranes are 
sooty black ; the lips, nose, and ears black, with the external margin 
flesh coloured, a character which is constant. The entire length is three 
inches, the breadth nine.— (Fig. in Bon.ap. Fauna Ital.) 
27. V. ARISTIPPE THE ARISTIPPE BAT. 
Its pointed muzzle serves to distinguish this species from the Leucippe 
Bat, to which it has a great resemblance in its general forms and dimen- 
sions; there is also a slight difference in (he cars, the external border 
being scooped out at the base in our present animal, and towards the 
point in the other. The muzzle, which is straight, and somewhat an- 
gular, has a slight furrow between the nostrils, which are small and nar- 
row. The ears are small. The interfemoral membrane is provided with 
an external lobule, and terminates in a free point. The feet are small; 
the nails slender, and adorned with slender hairs — (Fig. in Bonap. Faun, 
Ital. fasc. 21, fig. 3.J 
28. V. MARGINATUS.— THE EMBROIDERED BAT. 
The Embroidered Bat is common in Sardinia, and therefore is to be 
classed with the European species. It is not less so, however, in Africa, 
being very common at Tripoli, and also in Nubia and Arabia. Here it 
was found by Iliippell, and has been described by bini and figured in his 
atlas, though not, according to M. Temminck, very correctly. It is 
about the size of the Pipistrelle, though it has not the same expanse across 
the wings ; the tail is much larger, and the interfemoral membrane very 
ample ; the spur is also very long, carrying the interfemoral externally 
with it. All the edges of the membranes are bordered with pure white. 
The muzzle is naked, the ears small, triangular, and rounded at the 
point; the tragus is long, leaf-shaped; a third of the interfemoral mem- 
brane is clad. The fur is soft, cottony, short, and of two colours. On 
the head and upper parts of the body, the hairs are half black at the 
root, and pure isahelle-colourcd at the tip ; on the chest the points are 
a light Isabelle, and on the abdomen, pure white. The membranes are 
blackish-grey, and diaphanous. The total length is a trifle above three 
inches, the expanse a little above eight. — (Fig. in Temm. Mon. pi. 52, 
figs. 3 and 4.) 
Section II. African Species. 
29. V. LEUCOMELAS THE BLACK AND WHITE BAT. 
This Bat was discovered by HUppell, on the shores of the Red Sea, 
on the coast of Abyssinia, and Arabia Fetrara, frequenting old ruins. Its 
size and forms are not unlike those of our liarbasiellc. The muzzle is 
very slender, and overshadowed by the aural appendages, which are 
very large, and united by their bases in front, then diverging to the point, 
and falling over to each side, after the fashion of the Dog’s Cap ; their 
N 
