10 
MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 10. 
types of organization. In North America there is quite consider- 
able evidence tending to show that village-group organization 
often preceded the clan, and for that reason the facts brought 
out above may be of more than casual significance. That a 
system of clan names different from that now in use existed is 
borne out by the archaic names for the Bear and Wolf clans. 
That another system was making headway against the animal- 
name type is apparent from the disappearance of the name 
Hawk and the substitution of the term Warrior clan; and from 
the common custom of calling the Thunder and Bear clans Chief 
and Soldier clan respectively. What is especially significant 
is the fact that these three new names all represent the same 
type of change, the substitution for animal designations, with 
the correlated associations of descent or connexion with an 
animal ancestor, of designations indicative of the function of the 
clan. If the association of the social unit with a common animal 
ancestor was preceded by an association of a social unit with 
geographical location, we would then be able to demonstrate what 
is so rare in ethnology, the historical succession of types of nam- 
ing. Having established that, there would be thrown open to 
us legitimately the historical-psychological question whether 
any necessary genetic relationship between these three types of 
naming existed, and whether this succession of names is to be 
regarded as a reflection of distinct changes in social organization. 
THE TWOFOLD GROUPING — NAMES AND RELIGIO-MYTHOLOGICAL 
INTERPRETATION. 
The Winnebago are divided into two divisions, one known 
as the warjgeregi herera , “those who are above,” the other as the 
mqrf-egi herera , “those who are on earth.” Descent was reckoned 
in the paternal line. But these appellations refer to the animals 
after whom the clans are named, the term waygeregi covering the 
birds, the term mqnegi , land and water animals. So firmly has 
this idea of the division of animal forms become associated with 
the two divisions that, as mentioned before, were a new clan 
introduced now among the Winnebago its position would depend 
exclusively upon the nature of the animal associated with it. 
As similar reasons dictate clan groupings among some of the Cen- 
