SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF WINNEBAGO INDIANS. 
29 
history can demonstrate. Such a genetic relationship between 
the two depends probably as much upon the nature of the political 
function as upon anything else. The exact time when this 
socialization took place is also of great import here. Among 
the Winnebago, some individuals claim that the functions 
of the public crier were inherent in the Buffalo clan, while others 
insist that any person who had counted coup four times was 
eligible for the office. Now, in this case not only is it possible 
but it is extremely probable that public criership was originally 
connected with an individual, and that subsequently it became 
associated with the Buffalo clan, probably by reason of a certain 
relationship existing between this clan and the Chief clan. It 
must, of course, be remembered that a grouping had already taken 
place, because the requirement of having counted coup four 
times made a large number of warriors potentially public criers. 
(Here the grouping together was due to the successful performance 
of certain test-acts.) Its association with membership in the 
Buffalo clan represented on the one hand a restriction of the 
number of individuals, on the other hand the addition of another 
qualification. Historically, then, the qualification of member- 
ship in the clan supplanted the other qualifications, at least in 
the eyes of a large number of individuals. What has been 
said of the development of the functions of the Buffalo may also 
be generally applied to that of the Warrior or Hawk clan. 
Political functions may, however, become connected with 
a group unit without the individual playing any role either in 
directing or in developing such an association. The functions 
of preserving peace and of acting as intermediary, that among 
the Winnebago are connected with the Thunderbird clan, and the 
police and disciplinary functions connected with the Bear clan, 
may represent such types of association. In the absence of 
historical data, no demonstration can be made. It will, however, 
be shown later that association of ceremonial-religious functions 
with a social unit has actually occurred. That the police 
and disciplinary functions of the Bear clan developed from those 
of individuals, on the basis of requirements similar to those of 
the public crier, is quite improbable, and no indication of that 
exists. The functions of the Thunderbird clan likewise do not 
