8 
MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 9. 
I have quoted Dr. Keith’s views at some length, for I think 
that it is by reference to a strongly developed side-to-side 
movement of the mandible in mastication that we can explain 
the shallowness of the glenoid fossa in the Eskimo, while to the 
diminution of this movement, the deep fossa in modern man 
may be attributed. In the matter of diet, the conditions under 
which Mousterian man lived were much the same as for the 
Eskimo of the present day. He was essentially a hunter and 
subsisted mainly on the flesh of animals killed by him, and it 
must have been very often tough flesh too, if one may judge 
from the bones left as evidence of his feasts; cave-bear, wild 
horse, reindeer, mammoth, rhinoceros, and bison, seem to have 
been represented among his foods 1 , while we have no reason to 
believe that his cookery was of anything but an exceedingly 
primitive nature. Should further evidence be needed, we have 
it in his enormously powerful jaws and the correspondingly 
extensive muscular impressions upon his skull. If, therefore, 
Mousterian man found it necessary to specialize in this side-to- 
side masticatory movement of the jaws in order to cope with 
the tough nature of his food, and seeing that it had also had this 
secondary effect upon the form of his palate and the roots of 
his teeth, we shall not be surprised, I think, to find evidence 
of the same masticatory method, accompanied by its secondary 
effects, in the skull of the Eskimo. We have already seen from 
our inquiry into the diet of these people that their ordinary 
food is of such a nature as to need a most thorough and work- 
manlike chew. That this chewing is carried out by means 
of an extensive side-to-side movement of the mandible we find, 
I think, fully illustrated in the form of their palates and teeth. 
This completes the evidence already derived from an inspection 
of the muscular attachment on their skulls and the form and build 
of their lower jaws. 
Their palates are broad and of the horseshoe shape typical 
of the Mousterian palatal form. The measurements of five 
very large Eskimo palates give an average palato-maxillary 
length of 55 m.m. and breadth of 71 m.m. This will show the 
1 See “Ancient Hunters, ”by Prof. W. J. Sollas. 
