6 
MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 18. 
by the strike of the country rock ; and even when the lake runs 
across the strike, the long arms and bays in its deeply indented 
shore line will be found to follow the directions of the foliation. ”* 
The testimony of Foerste indicates that the rugged Pre- 
Cambrian topography of southeastern Ontario persisted as far 
west at least as the Georgian Bay district. He states 2 that at 
Granite island “residual masses of Lowville are preserved in 
pockets worn out of the granite in times preceding the Lowville 
deposition. The former topography, therefore, in Pre-Cambrian 
times must have been that of a series of parallel ridges, consisting 
chiefly of quartzite, but including also other rocks. The general 
trend of these ridges was either west or south of west. The 
general dip of these ridges at present is toward the west, so that 
the crests go below water level in that direction, and this may 
have been the direction of their dip also in early Palaeozoic times. 
Later these ridges were lowered below sea-level. The earliest 
deposition so far recorded in this area belongs to the lower Low- 
ville. The northern ridges may have been entirely covered 
before the close of the Trenton, but some of the most southern 
ridges, in the vicinity of Sheguindah, apparently were not entirely 
below water level before the deposition of the Collingwood.” 
Erosion has completely removed the Palaeozoic rocks over a 
considerable area north of the head of the St. Lawrence river. 
On the borders of this area remnants of the Palaeozoics afford 
evidence of the highly irregular and hilly character of the surface 
on which the earliest Palaeozoic rocks of the region were laid down. 
Perhaps no area affords clearer evidence of the character of 
the Pre-Cambrian relief than the Kingston district. Fort 
Henry hill, a promontory rising about 100 feet above the St. 
Lawrence river, just east of Kingston, may be cited as an example 
of the hilly character of the Pre-Cambrian topography in Ontario. 
This is a granite hill with a thin veneer of Ordovician limestone 
which has been almost entirely removed from the eastern side. 
A remnant of the limestone is still to be seen, however, at water 
level at the head of the bay on the east side of the hill and another 
patch is preserved at a higher level on the same side where the 
1 Intern. Geol. Cong., Geol. Surv., Canada, Guide Book No. 2, 1913, p. 13. 
2 Manuscript. 
