SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NASS RIVER INDIANS. 
29 
Phonetic Key. 
Vowels : 
a, like a of German hat. It often, in fact normally, is slightly palatalized, 
corresponding to a of French la. 
a, like a of English hat. 
a, like u of English but. 
e, like e of French StS. 
e, like e of English men. 
i, like i of French fini. 
i, like i of English it. 
o, like o of English note, 
o, like o of German toll. 
0 ), approximately like aw of English law. It stands acoustically midway 
between a and a. 
u, like ou of French bouche. 
u, like u of English full. 
°i *, *t *> 3 t °» u are weakly articulated forms of a, e, e, t, a, o, and u res- 
pectively. They generally occur as rearticulations of preceding fuller vowels. 
Consonants : 
b, as in English be\ softened form of p. 
P , intermediate in articulation, i.e. acoustically midway between English 
b and p. 
. p surd p followed by aspiration; developed from p. 
p, glottalized p, i.e. p pronounced with simultaneous glottal closure, 
release of oral closure being earlier than that of glottal closure; between 
vowels p is pronounced with less stress, so as to suggest b\ 
m, as in English. 
'm, m pronounced with glottal closure immediately preceding. 
w, as in English we. 
'w, w pronounced with glottal closure immediately preceding. 
{ d , as in English do\ softened form of t. 
t, intermediate in articulation, i.e. acoustically midway between English 
d and t. 
t\ surd / followed by aspiration; developed from /. 
{, glottalized t (defined similarly to P); between vowels it suggests d'. 
n, as in English. 
’», n pronounced with glottal closure immediately preceding. 
{ §, anterior palatal g, approximately as in English argue (including y- 
element of «); softened form of 
intermediate in articulation, approximately like c of English excuse 
(including y-element of w). 
surd k followed by aspiration; developed from 
glottalized & (defined similarly to p) ; between vowels it suggests g’. 
y, as in English yes. 
’ y , y pronounced with glottal closure immediately preceding, 
y, voiceless anterior palatal spirant, like ch of German ich. 
' g, as in English gun\ softened form of k. 
k, intermediate in articulation, i.e. acoustically midway between English 
£ and k. 
. k\ surd k followed by aspiration; developed from k. 
k, glottalized k (defined similarly to p)\ between vowels it suggests g ' . 
gw, kw, k‘ v , kw, (£“), labialized forms of g, k, k\ and 8 respectively, 
x, x u , voiceless spirants corresponding in position to k' and k tU . 
g, velar g\ softened form of q. 
q, intermediate in articulation, i.e. acoustically midway between p and 
surd q. 
, q\ surd q followed by aspiration; developed from q. 
