13 
THE TROPICAL AQRIOULTURI 81 
[July i, 1851 
an easnntial oil is uaimllj suUicieut to render the 
sale of the new yroduot imremuiiorative, as aii^roiie 
knows who is acquainted witli the wholesale markets. 
Oils of lavender, lUcalyptuH, pepperiuiut, Koramani, 
clove, rose, petitjrruiu, to uieutiou only a few at 
random, are already distilled in quantities which 
wonid render any further compoliti. n rniuous. 
We have no desire to di-suade Colonial planters or 
intending invrsturs of capital in Colonial enterprises 
from carrying oat their intentions ; we only ask that 
they should ooiisidor the possiUilUy of ttndin)' a market 
for their product before they lay out their plantations. 
Otherwise it is clear that within a fow years llie 
produce mitki la of the world will be tluuded with 
merchandise from the newly-acquired or oummerclally 
revived oolonioa in all parts ot the world, fur which 
there will be no outlet, and tbo disasters of the 
cincheua aiiil sIioIIm markets mnst inevitably be 
repeated on a larger scale than before. 
Alh this is but too true ; but we fear it is only 
preaching to deaf ears. Each man, ns in the case 
of religious teaching, generously hands over the 
lesson to bis ncighijour, but cannot admit the 
personal reference to himself 1 
WHAT WE DUINK, 
More and more beer ; steady in our use of distilled 
spirits ani wine; rutber less of cutfee and tea us 
comparoil with past yours. This is an mipjrtant 
study, tor it has a direct beariug upou the puysicai 
and social con lition of the people. A simple pru- 
Huutatiou ot the fi^'urus is so fo ciu'c as to require 
little comment. Aud here they are : 
I'Eu CAPITA Consumption. 
SplrltH. 
CVifTeo. 
Tea. 
Year— 
(laliHv 
(hlllH. 
libs. 
IhUO 
u.mj 
1.4i> 
7.90 
1.31 
1«KV) 
... VJ.72 
l.SA 
9.20 
IhHtt 
... 
: .-JG 
0.b9 
i.no 
l.i^7 
... 
1.21 
8.no 
].H3 
iMHii 
... li.lJO 
l./O 
9.20 
1.35 
1HS5 
... 10 03 
1.20 
0.4f) 
l.lf) 
... U'.n 
LtS 
9.10 
1.10 
... 1‘'.27 
l.!0 
i.2iJ 
... lU.eH 
i.l ► 
J.4G 
l-iHL 
... 
a/j-i 
The. d oresre in the per o pita consumption of coffee 
drr.n;' the pa.st iJi.' as compartul with thi four 
yt . " b:i!iti, s ue *0 the ii'cressi d oott of tbo article, 
bf I ■ . 1 : N' truling tea bus been cbrai', it is not as freely 
Ilf. -d wua t- n yeurs ago. On the other hand, the 
ue.3 oi be r steadily increases fr uii year to year, leaping 
wi bill ton years from 8 65 to l!t 08 gallons par capita. 
Thi< meant, In ISUO. the use of 855,792,385 gallons, all 
uxcHpt a, 71*t,iiril g ilhma of domestic manufaotnro. The 
present conpiimptioii of foreisii wines is only abnat our- 
half the quantity, as compared with tbequiniity used 
during tl.e period 1870-7'1. Tho use of dnmi-stin wines 
has advanced from an average of abunt 20,01X1,000 gal- 
lons in 1878 82 to about 30,090,000 gallons annually for 
the past llireii year s. 
T’cio consumer- of the United S'.atos paid at retail for 
tho year 1800, the following earn for dtink : 
Malt and spirituous Ihiuors ... ... $900,000,000 
An iiiorcaso of $200,000,000 in four years 
Octfeo ... ... ... ••• 122,500,000 
Tea ... ... ... ... — aOOOO.OOi) 
$1,052,500,000 
Hero is spent for beverages over one billion dollars 
annually, or about the amount expendeil by the last 
OoDgress. Tniiik of it... two tlioosand millions per 
annum for bo r, whiskey, ot Ifce, tea and a Congievs. 
Truly we are a grovt people ! ! 
. TheOovermnsot dftives a rovenue of $107,000,000 
from liquor, which is $20,000,000 less than is r. quired 
to pay pensions. It lookt like robbing I'ater to pay 
Paul. — -dvtert'can Grocer. 
VALENTYN’S HISTOKY OE UOFEEE. 
( Concluded from page C.) 
Paiit V. 
Coffee houses at Constantinople for the accomoda- 
tion of Svilots — III spituof Mandates aud Edicts, the 
Oollee Kettle is still 'singing on the hearth” sud 
the Turks ate sippiug away Coffee like mad — If a 
'I'utkish wife did not get a quantum suff': of Cctfoo 
she WU.S entitled to sue her Lord tor a divorce — I'eopis 
t f rauk and fa-liiou and their trii/iymetfes— Their 
Silver Trays and tiold Cups — A fow drop.s of tho 
Essenco ot Amber or Clove give an agreealdo odour 
to Octfeo— Monrr. Tbevanot makes a Coffee Patty iu 
Paris ill 1057, and invites his friends— Of the Vene- 
tians who aro supposed to have been the 6rat Cof- 
fee hi: hers amoug-t European Nations— Petto dalle 
Valle once more— nl the IJruggists of Marseilles who 
carried on a roaring trade with tho Egyptians How 
certaiu Coffee Houses were eetablished iu that rising 
Town, and how c rtam Meioha. s and Urokors dis- 
cussed Commercial matters aud enjoyed their Pipes 
therein- How certain Doctors and l*^Dysioinua mado 
aui.ther foulish attempt to suppress the use of Coffee 
aud most sigiiiilly failed — The probable supposition 
that Coffee was first introduced intj Paris by Soli- 
mail Aga and his K' timia in the Kuign of Louis 
XIV— and lastly how tho said Soliman .iVgs sought 
ail audience, which wag vouchsafed to him by tho 
French Monaroh after a d. ky of only six months. 
■‘Whilst Mr. Gillaiid was still in Constantinople 
there were 2 or 3 Cuffue house.- at O.ilata for iho 
aooomiuodatioii of the Sailors in particular, though 
tiiori) wore many more houses in tho other Towns of 
tlio Turkish Empire, which were for the most part 
frequented by People of Irarniiig and rank. 
iho Ortier or Alaudate from Coustautinoplu had 
the effect of bringing about only a more extensive 
use of Coffee iu the other Towns, so much so, that 
twice a day by strangers ; and besides, 
the Coffeo kettle used to be kept In oonstaut rosdi- 
iiets by some in order to ha able to offer to visi- 
tors a single cup at loa-t. The custom wa.g carried 
to snch ail extreme, that tho uou-presonting of a 
cup of Coffee, or of its refusal when offurod was 
coiiaiilerod as indicative of a great waut of ci.iictosy. 
Some spent on Coffee as much money perliaps as 
would have p,id fur tliair Wine iu I’ans or eltc- 
Where; ami what was more extraordinary was, that 
if a husband did not provide his wife with a quantum 
siilficit of C.ffee. this was cousidered saflicioxit to 
entitle her to mu ftir a divorce. 
People of rank and station here, have a special 
Cup henrer or Kahveligi, and Overseer over Coffeo 
wlio is statioued in a certain apnrtuieut near tho hall 
wln ro they generally receive company. 
In serving out this hoverago, it is first presented 
to Btraugers, and lastly tho owuor of the house, ex- 
ceptiug when tho (Irand Vizier eutertiiiis Envoys at 
Coffee. On sncIi occasions lie drinks aimultaueously 
With his guests. Tue non-presenting of Coffee, indi- 
cates a want of friendly feeling, and i.s commonly 
regarded as one of those things likely to lead to n breach 
of the peace. 
Here Coffeo is seivcd out upon a varnished or Silver 
Tr.ny or Salver capable of holding from 12 to 20 
Cups wliioh tho wealthier classes get partially mounted 
witli silver. 
Their Cups arc somowliat larger than ours, but they 
uevor fill them to overflowing. ^ 
They take it very hot without any sugar, but rsther 
strong. At Court a few drops of the essence ot Amber 
are adtied to each Cup, and sometimes a hit or two 
of Cloves or Cardamon or soma Indiau Aniseed whioh 
imp-rt a very agreeable odour to the Coffee 
That well kuowu Traveller Mr. Thevouot. was the 
first who lutfoduoed the use of Coffee into Paris on 
his teturn homewards from his first trip iu 1057, when 
ho oiiteriaino I some of his particular feiendsaud treated 
them to a dish of Coffee. 
