i84 the TRDT*l 6 At WrJWeitlt.T0F«8T- fSEPTEMRER i, 1891 , 
QUININE. 
(Prom C, F, Boehrinfier c& Stihne'f Fepnrt.) 
Waushop NEAn Mansheim. July let, 1891. 
Quininfi during the fnst mriDtU remtiinfld utagnant. Rpeon* 
fi*om the marW. while Ihe consutoption 
that for the firH five raoiiths of the p?Mont yeer hail 
been very lartre, ihowet) aomo ahatensenl. Secondhand 
holaere are now attain aelling quinine at rates lower than 
** manufacture at the preaent price of ba^k. 
j» r^i .^*'bdftn public ealee of bark have consUerahW 
dimmlshed In dimenalona, and are likely to decr^a’O still 
further for the next few montha, the iunplles from 
innia whioh have formed the chief item of late always 
1 Inr? second half of the veav. while Ceylon 
in 1891 will hardly contribute more than fi’noo,000 11), 
oiA^AA Amsterdam ioles of the iflth instant some 
340,000 kllo.a with ftver4'*0.000 ouneea of sulphato ofqiiinlne 
®Te catsloffued. The following sales take place only on the 
nrd September. Export of Bark from Java 
Amst. lb. 
from lit July 18ftOtol!lth .Tune IShl about fl.SSO.OOO 
„ IfifiOtoSlet May 1890 4.finfl,741 
M 1888 to M 1880 .1847,845 
», „ 188? to „ J8M 
„ 1880 to 1887 2,OM,on0 
An naaociation or trust of bflrk growora is again talked 
of. This time the .Taya planters are going to manage it 
themeelyes. Whether they will succeed remains to be 
seen, the moyement howoyer, aeeraa to in(ll'*Bte yery clearly 
that at present rates elnehora planting hardly pays even 
In Java, and if some few 'plantations ham neyerthelesa 
made a dividend, it has been owing to quite excentionaliy 
favourable ciroiunstanoes 
'■ ' ♦ 
Mn J. E. Cabne. minernloRipt to the Department 
of Mines, Sydney, has made a disooverv of preoioiis 
opal at a erot known aa White Oliffe. about 60 
miles norih of Wilo»nnia, in the we»tnrn part of 
New South Wales. The opal is found in orevioos 
of sandstone and fossil wood, oonurrint; in a forma- 
tion reeemblinp! the Dessert Sandstone beds of 
Queensland. Sometimee, too, it is found disseminated 
in a kind of cement which has penetrated the 
mass ot body of the sandstone, — Co/onios outl India. 
T/m Pai.-ji-oit, Distpicts of Ai-airA. — At the evening 
meeting ef the FCoyal Geogrspbieal .Society on Atondsy 
Mr, A. Millsnn read an int-oreating j taper on a journey 
to the Ynrnt>a country, in which most of the paim- 
oil shipped from Lagoa is produced. “Of the future 
oommerolal development of so rich a country,” said 
Mr. Millsoo, “much is to bo expsoted. During my 
visit to Ihadsn and Ikirnm palm-oil waa selling at the 
rate of 15« a ton, and palm-kernels at .9/ a ton, 
the nriccB in Lagos of these stspic ar+inlea of West 
African commerce varying between 171 1()» and 23f a 
ton for nil, and 91 and 101 a tou for kernels. Small 
tusks of ivory were Belling at Ikirun for fii/ a lb. 
and large ivory ooiild have been bought at very low 
rede, had T been able to transoort it in my baggage. 
The gravel ridgea, which alternate with the richer 
lands, were covered with aheahntter trees, which vield 
a valtiahle vegetable oil, the water oouraes were shaded 
by gum-hearing acacias, ogra-gnm trees, and camwood 
trees, while the forest -lands of Ijchu and T jeaha con- 
tain numerous valuable timber trees. In addition to 
tbo above products of the country, there are many 
nii.ior articles of commerce, snch as benniseed, ground- 
nuts, and dvBS, while the most important oonsidera- 
tion of all. in my oninior, is the future development 
of good qualities of cotton, ooffse, ooooa, and other 
valuable plants, whiob are rapidly being introdiicwl 
among the natives. When I slate that over 80,000 
young plants — cocoa, ooffee, kola, coconut, and other 
economic treea — have been distributed since the month 
of Afay, 1888. by the Fotnnio Centre of the colony of 
Lagos, and that over 60,000 of these were eagerly 
pnrchsscd hv the natives, it will readily bo under- 
stood that one is not in error in counting upon tbeir 
keeii interest in agriculture ss a means ef profit a.s 
woll as of sctnal maintenpneo.” The lecturer pro- 
ceeded to state that the principal use of palm-oil was 
in ttio soap a.nl tinnlato making industries. The men- 
tion of the tatter industry as an outlet for palm-oil 
anpecrcl t i create aomo sceptical amnsemont, and in- 
qnirioa w. i-.i made. b|,t jouid not altogether bo an- 
swered hy Mr. Millsoii, oonoerning the use to which 
palm-oil is pnt in linplate-making. Asa matterof fact 
Mr. Millson was perfectly correct. Ilnge quantities 
of palm-oil aro anonally consumed in th© tinplate-worka 
of South Wales and elsewhere, the heated iron beisg 
temporarily immersed in hot palm-oil prim to its coat- 
ing with tin, in order to prevent it from oxidising. 
For this purpose the beat soft ' Lagos oil,” which oon- 
taina least impurities arising from its preparation from 
the rotten husk, &c., is, we believe, most frequently 
used. In 1880, when the Rrltiih Fharmaecatical Oon- 
ference met at Swansea, the members ware taken over 
some large tinplate works, where they witnessed the use 
of oil in this manner, and they will probably have a 
similar opportunity of verifying the statement at their 
forthcoming reunion in Cardiff . — Chmint and Dmggitt. 
Boooksted CiTnoN-cni,TrvAnoN in East Aprio.v.— 
The island of Corsica has long been famous for the 
ocllenoe of its “ cedcats,” or citrons, the superiority 
of wbioh in siae and aroma is attributed to 'the tiolmeia 
of tbo Corsican soil in ferruginous and other mineral 
onstituents and in oertaiu salts. Tho dedrat-orohards, 
to j-ielda good orop, require to ke situated at a low 
altitude, to be protected by bills from the ould winds, 
to be abeolutely safe ugaiust frost, and to be properly 
watered twice daily dating the dry eeson, Cedrat- 
growiug, to be remunerative, requ'res extrema care, and 
the trees are subject to many diecases whinli mu,t be 
guarded against ; but, if these coui’iiious are fulfilled 
tho industry — especially that part of it which c nai-ts 
in piekling tho fruit for tho ra.arkot — is exiruiuely 
profitable, tho crop of n single matnrod true bciug 
worth as much as lOf. to Vil. per annum. The fruit is 
prepared for the market hy slicing it in halves and 
pickling it in brine — i.c., salted ai-a-wot r. It is then 
sent to Leghorn to bo candied in sugar, whi'o the 
best fruit ia pickled whole and used ran lable delinicy 
tll through tho Eist. Tho Italian caudj i g fuutoii a 
obtain so large a diawback of duty on the sug.r 
whio'a they use that it is cquica'ont to a bounty. Oc'D.nl 
Alalool in Drummond, of Ajaccio, while guarding himself 
agaiuat the expression of a definite opinion, thnks 
that it would bo well worth while to try tbo o-tperiins t 
of acclimatising tbo Corsican cadrat in our East 
African colonics, where tbo high lying valleja o , iho 
mountain elopes would, ho thinks, form an excello.it 
position for condooting asociea of experiments in endrat 
and lemon culture. No great outl ly would bo ncoeesary 
for tho establishment of an experimental plant.vtiuu, 
—Cluunixl and JJruggist, 
Boons CoKPEia.— Tlis arrest of two men at Lille 
for manofaoturing ooflao has led to an iuvestigiiticn 
of their methods. Their plant, estimated to be 
worth 50,0001., and a large stock, wei'o seized The 
following ia briefiy the method of mauufaoturing 
this ooffee. The raw materials are composed of 
ohiooty flour, and sulphate of iron in powder, the 
latter giving tho necessary colour. The paste made 
with tho^ mixture of these materials ia enclosed 
in a cylinder and then pressed with an hydraulic 
motor. Through five different openings it comes 
out in pieces measuring 30 to 36 contimitres in 
length by -1 millimhtrea in thickness and 18 oonti- 
mhtres in width. ^ Those are again powdered with 
flour and immediately placed between two melallio 
punching platos before cutting each pieoo in such 
a way as to give it an almost perloot resorablanoa 
to natural coffee. The two men employed in their 
manufactory eleven men and seven women, tho 
latter having to separate tho b rries which wore 
not properly moulded from the others. Thvao 
produeers have arrived at suoh pcileotiou in France 
that soma deputies have just laid a nioasuro on tho 
table of tho Fronoh Chamber, respeoting the artiolo 
which runs as follows:— “It is forbidden to expose 
or place on sale, to import or export any niann- 
iaoturod product whioh, by its shape, colour, gen. ml 
aspoot, is capable of being confounded or bought 
as ooffee in green or torrefied berries." The other 
articles sot forth the penalties : —60 francs to ,3 000 
franes, five and three months’ to a year's imprison- 
ment ; penalties to be doubled if the product is 
rooognisod as baneful to health, or if it has been 
fraudulently mixed with natural coffee 
<C' Colonial Mail, July 3rd. 
