200 THE TROWCfWL' UWmJOLTOniST [Septemrer i, 1891. 
BABK AND DRUG REPORT. 
(Prom fcha Chemut and Vfitffgist.) 
liOMDow, A ng. 1st. 
OijJOHOMA. — Tho periodical auofcleus held on Tnesday 
wero of very modorato extor* o’hAw cnnAiRtnd of : — 
Ooylon cinchona 
East Indian cinchona 
.Tava cinchona 
South Amotloan cinchona 
W. O. African olnehoua 
motel 
Of the Bastorn barks very littla 
throughout the sales oompotittou was well maiutniuad 
becoming mote lively towards the ond. Tho quality of 
tbs bark offsrod was poor, mhe “If, 
as Arm, but without quotable advance in value, iijo 
""Mliwina a'r‘<?t{;r ipWoxlmate qnantitite purchated 
by the principal buyer* 
Pkgs. 
92G of which 
PICKS. 
809 wore ( 
382 
do 
.827 
do 
81 
do 
00 
do 
341 
do 
82 
do 
01 
do 
60 
do 
1,736 
do 
1.428 
do 
Affonta for the Bcunawiolc -***’ 
Accetitfl for tho American anrt Itallftw wotk ■ • 
Agents for tho Mannheim and 
Agents for lha Frankfort o/M. and Stuttgart worse 
Messrs. Howards & Sons 
Agents for tho Auerbach factory • • • • 
Mr. Thoraiis VVhiflfea •••• 
Sundry druggists •••• 
Total quantity sold ... 
nought in or withdrawn ... 
Lbs. 
un^o3 
89,04.1 
51,769 
49,881 
44,834 
30.60) 
5, .180 
12,977 
34.'.,I.SG 
40,005 
Total iiuantlty oUerod ... "• 
It should bo wuU understood that tho rnero Weight _ of 
bark purehasod affords no gulilo whatovot to tno qnlnino 
yield representod by It, firms who buy n small (juanlity 
of bark by weight frequently tsko the tioueat lots 
and vice ivrsa. , . 
Nnx Vomica.— T he market remains firm. Awlvals from 
Cooonadn and Ooloinbo Ihle week amount to 2™ cisoa. 
QmNUiK.— I'Uo market was dull during tho oarly part 
of tho week, nud 6,000 oz. Anerb'ich qnlnino ohaugod 
hands at loSi pot on. Hinoo Wodnasday the market 
shows some inollniti’U towivtlB a tooovaty, and some 
(>,O 0 U az. (lennan bulk (B * H or Urunswlek) from 
sacond-haiia holders hive been sold at lOJd per oz. 
Howard’s brand was roduce.1 in price — Id per oz.— by 
ho mannfiotnrors on Wednesday, vlaU being now 
uoted at Is Sid to Is llporoz. according to quantity. 
Thk Tka Export from Japam in 3890 id 
thus roterrod to in tlio report of tho British consul 
III Yoknhaiiis : — • 
7ea,— Thu inorasse in tho quantity of tea exported 
amoimlod to .V’Hd.CHH lb. over that of 1839, and waa 
about pqital to that of 1838. In couseg nonce of tho 
mildnesi of tho winter tho tea season began earlier 
than iisnsi, the market opening about the middle of 
April. The quality of the leaf was below the average, 
owing mainlv to ‘‘xcesaivo moisture iiitlie spring, Thu 
doinand an the American Coutiuoul has run, an “ere- 
loforo, chiefly in the direction of low-priced grades. Iho 
remit, ai regards ohoico loaf, hero is that but littlo 
of it is pr.'p\rej for export; lhi prices offered do 
not pay the oost of produotion. 'The exossaive uhotua- 
tions in ejliaiiga Imd tboir effect in Ihip as in other 
departmouts ol ootnmeroo ; but tho j'oar may bo eon- 
eidorwi on tho whole to have bseti a fairly good one 
for exporters, who had, for one thing in their favour, 
tlie low rates of freight ruling. It should bo noted 
that t ff..rta are being made to int'odnoe Japan Ooii- 
ROUA into Russia, but it Is quoationablo if the quality 
of tha arliolo will be siiffiotonlly giod to ensure sue- 
0 . Bs in tills. DcsHnationn of iht tea . — The following 
iiniilysis of tho dnstiiiatiou of the tea export may to 
of internst:— To ('hiosgo, 8,450,5.51 lb; Canada, 
804.0 707 18.; New York, 0,.3tid,4til> lb. ; Oalifornia, 
3858 80111); Europe, 303,06111).; and the btliiaoc, for 
tho most part, probably to Ohiuo. Tho routes by wbieb 
tlio tea has Iwen carried are ; — By Pioific Mail and 
Oooiilontal and Oriental steamers, 10,933,012 lb. ; Suez 
stpamern to Now York, 2,807,471 lb. ; C.iuaJa, 3.2*5 1 208 
Ib.; Europe, 333,061 11).; Sail and tail via Taoom.i, 
.5, .412, 763 lb, , to San Pranoisoo, 35,633 lb.; via th« Capo 
t.i Oanoda, 59,102 lb- Thoto has been an iuoreaee i.i 
(lie sl.ipmints by sail to Tacoma and the North Pacific 
Railway, and by tho Oanadiao Pacific line. Suez Canal 
steamers tho sbipmeuta have boon about the same as in 
1889. 
The CALCiT’’rTA Botanic Gardens,— W e have 
received Dr. King's annual report for the year 
1890 91, and quote the resolution of the Govern- 
ment of Bengal, as follows: — 
The Report for tlm year shows that steady progress 
has been male in improving the Botanic Garden, 
not onlv as a soientific centre rf the highest vslne 
to all botnuioal students, but also a pleasurable and 
Instruotive resort to the pnb'io. Mo’o than 20,000 
specimens were added to the Herbarium, illustrating 
the Flora of regions so widely removed os Central 
Asia, Australia. Assam, Perak, the Shan States, the 
Kbasi Hills, the Andaman Iglauds, and the Great 
Oooo Inland. To the oontrihntora nf these speolmens, 
Messrs. Mann. Laco, Gamble, Ourtia, Rid’ey, S. 
Po»l, and L. Wray, Generals Collett and Gataoro 
and Baron von Muller, the thanks of Government 
are duo. Arrangements were alio made for continu- 
ing tho work of oolleotinu in Assam, Tinner Enrma, 
and the Andamans. A third volume wss a ided to *I'e iii- 
tsreating series of garden annals, con’alning monographs 
by Dr. King and Dr, Praia onnertain Indian and Indo- 
lllalayan species. Huforlnnstels, however, owing to nn. 
svoidahlo delays, it wa.s fonnd irapnssiblo to pnhHsh tho 
volume within’ tho yoar. Br tb tho S’lporintcndent and 
the Onrat.nr of tho Herhariom also contributed 
valuable papers on bntanici! siilijocis to the .Toin-nal 
of the Asiatic l^nietv. The I.loyd Botanio 0»rd-ii in 
Darjeeling, which is under Dr. King’s aiipsTviiion, is 
reported to b’l in goo.l order. TTnder ri oont arraiig. nieiils 
the Ouratorof tliis card *)) is chnrge.I wi’h tho task of 
improving tho stati n of DaTjeel! jc hv pi .n’in r and look- 
ing after yonng trees. In course of time if is hop .H that 
tlie damago done in past years b) the wanton destruction 
of fine trees may be in Bonn measure r pi'T'd. 
Tbo thanks of tho Idniitouaiit-Govortior ore duo t> 
Dr. King, the Enperinieiidoiit. and Dr. I’niii, tin) 
Curator of the Herbarium, for Iho sncces.sfnl iidtiiiiiin- 
tration of Iho (tardon diirinq tlie year. 
Tub CiiK.AD.vritv oi.- i-nK Ocksn.— 'P im stnlyof tho 
685 densities of the wnter of th" sna nud" rluriii r 
tho expedi lion of <ho “ Oh dl'ogcr.” und tho report of 
103 series, of which each exteniiod Iro'n tho hoil 'ni 
of the ocean to the surfa o, tlm (liscnsdnn if the 
results nf tho deep soundings ohtnin.id i y tho " Pula ” 
ill 1890, tho various thenrt s rolatii'o to the rhilk 
formations by chemical not’on wita the iieoessiry 
intervention of living creatnreg, and, fiialiy, tho dq'- 
ferent oliservnt.ions of ooeanin analysis with wliioh 
M. J. Thoulet has been oooupind for BOvniMl y. ars 
past, relative to the existence at tin' bottom of tho 
ocean of two bells of water, one in repose, and tho 
other in motion aro all in senordHnoe with th.n following 
hypothesis: — The surfsce of tho oocao, snbmittod to 
climacteric changes, is in a siate of heating and 
ovaporition more or ki-s ir.t IHO. The v.’ri.itioiis whicli 
result in tho rciil dmi i’jr au1 in the clioniic 1 c mi- 
po.sitinu of the Av.atrrs )~ined to the mechanical acliou 
exercised by the wind, give in tho piano of horiz'nuta 1 
marine currents those moro or loss vortical, wliieii 
cross brtweon these where they overlin ennh other, 
with extrorao quickness and iii iliiT, r>iil direetions. 
These together ooiistitufe or.oanio oirouiation, which is 
effected alraost entirely in a s'ery hliailevv bolt, about 
,50i) fathoms in depth. Tbo snb-tanc's, only slightlv 
soluble, contained in the waters of tho seas, and 
brought to _ the ocean hy the iVosh wali ra which are 
far more dissolyf-pf^ attain, at a cortain depth, their 
limit of solubility and fin'in prec'pitatcs. Jlroeuiing 
solid, they doscond virti.'ally, poneterate into tho 
still belt, and at last reacii the soil at iho hottoin. 
Surrounded liy imm ivibl" water, they dissolva and 
inoreasB the prop irliun of ,nlt oontainod in tho deepost 
stratum ot_ the ivater, and that immoi'iatcly in ooot.AOt 
witii tlio soil. Tiny *lieii spread, and with the i-xtcmo 
Blowr.es.s, inoreaso th" aaiiue qiDl'ty of tha adjsoent 
waters, aud at tho 'amo time ixtcnd t> the stntom 
next to tho .soil wliioti is not suturatcil, ami ron- 
seqiiently cuutiiinea to disiolvo tlio new materiul 
which arrive without cosHstion. Tho suhmiriuo soil 
is then a kind of centre of uhciiiical activity, foil hy 
fresh material from the Burface, aud radiating slowly 
towards tho suriaoo . — liemt SdetUifique, 
