October i, tfiot.T 
THE TROPICAL AQRIOULTURlST 
971 
are for diffmloo. In thia method the oane is cat into 
very thin diaRonal alioei, dummd into iron cells and 
water and iteam tamed on. The sugar and nothing 
else is extracted and the joiee is almost absolutely 
pure. It is claimed that they get 08 per cent of 
the sugar from the cane. In the old prooess they 
do not get over SO per cent j the diffnsionlsta claiming 
a saving of from 12 to 18 per cent. There are now 
three new diffusion plants going up. The Ewas 18 
miles from this city and Eahuka 30 miles away — 
both 50 ton mills, that is, with a oapaoity of 6fty 
tons of sugar a day. Tl'e other, Mokkiwilli is on 
Kauai and is a 100 ton mill. The maohinery of the 
two former are being built here while the larger one 
is coming from Sootland, a eonaiderable portion of the 
Btook being held there. 
There is considerable rice grown on these islands. 
There are two orops a year. The winter crop matures 
in abont 140 days and the summer crop in about 20 
days less. It is grown almost entirely by the Chinese. 
No other race of people would take the tronble they 
do. The rioo is first sown thickly broadcast and the 
water turned on to it. IVhen it gets the proper size 
it intraiispisnted in small banobes ot eight or teusta'ks 
about a foot apart — the men wading about in the 
water planting it in the mud. The water is probably six 
to eight inches deep. The water is kept on it almost 
the entire time. The first crop is now being harvested. 
The yield from tlio Islands is about 15,000 tons of 
which 5,000 ia exported, the balanoiused here. 
Besides sugar and rice about the only other artiole 
of export is hanaiias. Every steamer takes a largo 
number nf buuchcs — from 3,600 to 7,000 oud even 
more. There is hut oue variety shipped, the Chinese 
dwarf. Good ten ban I buueUes are worth $1 here. 
The freight to San Franoisoo is 75 cants and some- 
times when the market gets ovurstookud there is 
heavy lots. One party told me some time ago that 
they had over 3,.500 bunches in store in San Franoiaco 
and expected to lose a great part of them. We can 
buy ordinary sized bnuohea at from 15 to 25 cents. 
There are quite a number of bides sbipptid from 
there, here being uo laaoerics. 
Coffee onltiice is oomiiig to the front and several 
companies have been farmed for its cultivation. It 
grows wild in mauy places end yields very abuiidauHy 
and is of very superior flavor. Tlie best I ever drank 
1 have got heie. It wants to bo three or fear years 
old to be good. If Used younger it has a green, oily 
taste, and the older the butter. It sells here at 45 
cents per pound at retail. 
Fiueapples are plentiful end clrap, retailing ot 
from 5 to 25 oeuts each for the native varieties, and 
5U cents to $1 tor imported varieties. I saw rome 
sugar loaf pines that weighed nearly 10 pounds whioh 
sold at 81 each. 
There is a .strong feeling hero favorable to an- 
nexation to tne United States. Some think that it 
is the only remedy fur the stagnation in business 
cansed by the deoliue in the price of sugar. It is 
hard to tell or forseo what tit’ result will be and 
nanny are very aniiuus about it. It is said tliat tliers 
are several hundred white men organised and lully 
armod for any emergency. 11. J. Bhodes. 
— Hvml Oa/ifornian. 
FOllESTllY IN MADllAS. 
Tlio likts and dia'ikea of particular in re-ipect 
of B .adc, uij ’or'/ro vtb, iwoiaturr and other c ii 'jfious, 
hflve cti tl> » ill to bo studied* an also the 
of such iatlivi 'ual i»ociihflri*^ios as time of seediiiiif, 
that i*J, wb ih.-r ’e ore i r a^ter the firing hoanou, aud 
as to wVich apeoios reproduce besr by h. od ings and 
whioh by As to ihe nompluinr. that rank 
uruh'rgrowlh and Inn^ the first etfreta of jiro* 
tectiou, choko heedlwwH, it i.ai b*-en ‘Ugi'ert'ei that 
if morn time wtro uUowo I them t* tie. o.»ie moru 
strongly rooted, ihoy would ho able to pu-h ilii’ou.''h 
or outgr' W, Ibis sugUl cbs rjctiou. The failure iu 
the iiHtaral reproduction of leak in tl.o *ojk fo i*t 4 
hue btt. 11 ascribed to the inability rf tht‘ scjtl to roach 
gc luid through tho fallen loavts wuh which it ia 
cuvereu. 
.J ttppcara luat rose-wooa Seedlinffs havR 
heenfqund m a forest, to which mature roso-wMd 
treiM did not occur. In regtrti to young teak and ffard. 
wUkia «e:dliup aupposeifto be withering from drought 
It IS foundtbat while so appearing, thev are often aotoallv 
making underground growth, which id s year or two on- 
nbles them through the dep’h of ti.eir roots, to resist tho 
effects of dry weather. Although coppicing is no. 
auitabl^or Catuonna, tt has b van suooe sifully tried 
with satin-wood and tomnto.m L U,e 
; with the 4uca!v,,ti on the 
Nilgiri hills, ihe forests of tho Ma.lra, Presidonoy 
have generally shown good growth, whereproteoUon 
nai been .^oieut, even on the most unpromising 
areis, and a copious reproduetion of the more 
valuable trew, each as leak, rose.wood, HardwU'kia 
sandal, satinwMd and Pierocarjnn marsupium has 
been attained. The only district in whioh p^roteotLii 
and reproduetion have been bed is Sooth Areot 
Nor was artificial production legs attended to or 
less iucoesiful comparatively. Tho amount spent on 
PjjI'l'A®**'' eultural oprrslions was 
R61, 701, against H50.748, and the area operated nnon 
was 60,081, against 49 319 scores in the prtvions rapr 
Tie inoresse was chiefly under plantations; whili no 
addition was n adc to the topee. Teak at Nilamber 
bine glim on the Nilgiri,, and oasnariua. wer“ the 
more valuable trees ineludm among the new pi,,. t - 
tion*. In the Southern C rein, beside oasuariL, 
which was put dowu on a moat exlousive eo.lo 
caehowuut, mango, lak dioi-divi, aruofto. teak 
palmyra nut, Acacia muhognay (H maco- 
phplla) were ewn or p'autcd; while, io tho Nutberu 
Oirolo, Oasufuna. nim, tamarind , r>osji/i to, a Ar»l.i«n 
dates, were aid down in tho p'aiia, and ^mhoga"y^ 
teak, i’venila and Pimu longifolia were nlan^d 
out 0:1 the hills. The clearing of creepers and *imder- 
growth was ooutinne 1 in both circles, it U helieve.1 with 
good effi ols in respect of reproduction. Some difiicaltv 
and expense are anticipated iu eradicating tho nrioklv 
pear, which has taken a firm hold in the fuel and 
fodder rcsoives oftlio Coimbatore distiiot. As nirards 
the oulBvation of eiolics, the lesults of experiments 
vary. Dates are said to germinate freely, but the after 
casualties are numerous in tho more wet districts on 
the ooast Offsets appear to beef stronger oonstiiution 
th... seedlings but they are more dilficnlt to obrnr 
Carol I. reported to have grown well and home frn l • 
It IS a useful tree and its seed should be distrTutod o’ 
be sown ,u suitable localities. Of the various species 
of iucn/ypfiu winch wire fried on the plains, all with 
the exception of E, nlatia, failed, germinating* well 
but dying soon after. A. raiiuia, seams likely to thrive in 
the plaiM. At slight olcv^iou., however, such aa the 
Pslmaim, Wyuaad North Coimbatore and thePupma- 
earn hills, the Eucalypti, citnodora, re-UHifi-ra paaiculata 
and ros/roto do. fairly well. Giant bamLostrZ wen 
lu the WyA»ad.ui Nilamber and Soutn Canara. Jpeoa. 
in Nilamber is full of promise. Mahogany sCvs 
healthy and vigorous growth iu the moiater „s 
thePresideuey, Although the various rubbed ^faro 
said to he thriving, no information as to Ihei, yield has 
been furuished. A spicial experiment with 
sdk IH also in progress under the supervision of 
the llorornhle Mr. Garsliii. In addition to the 
revonne derived from tho rule of timber and fuel! 
baniboos, and mmnr produce, the department has b. eil 
realising a hands.. me inoome from ffr.azinof.ii- wl.i.m 
1888.89, with the pre.,„.oi| of n stili funln.r . 1-0 under 
a gradual and cau'e.ns Biilmneemeut of the fees to 
• he maximum of he ssnolioneO ro»le. But auy sud'len 
lucrease in the bnr h ns impo.. il ep.m eaUlo-mwners 
is to bo av.iided. Tue main objoat ol imp.is ng a charvn 
upou graz ug is not. we aro told, 10 increase th« 
revenue, but to restriot tbs number ot cntllo fe d' " 
in the lOwrveB an l so to improic the s .... eoing 
whioh f. li.ifl dem.n.Is f.ir fed lor cari.« 
plan upon which thu Madras Pori-st d-. » f*’*' . . ® 
been working aoema to us to be w. II liss 
make the local foreetfl a priigressi vnl „ ; to 
of revPMie ; and (he results ol iu 
1888-89 cannot but be regarded ^ toircV"*''* 
ment,— /niian Ai^rtcuUuriet^ ouoonrage. 
