OCTOItER I, £891.] 
THE TROPICAL AQRIOULTURfST 
287 
Glaring the direct sales of bark by one or two planta* 
tions to certain Kufopean qiauine-makere to be opposed 
to the interests of tho community. What the Java 
planters a in at, and what they may pissibly uocem- 
piish with a good man at their luad, atid effective 
Oorernmenb assistance, is Rho^n in a recont declara- 
tion of one of tlioir unmb r. “Kvt-n if w9 do not 
get our fart/ry hare,” stid that auihority. “ wo shall 
knock the Europesn quinine specuUtors on the head. 
In that case we blm’l form a 83udicht«, which will 
J'figulate the whole of the bark oxpott^frotn this island. 
Hark will only be aold to iheKuropcrtn quinine maim- 
fsclurors on condition that they sh'iii turn ovor all the 
nuiniue sulphate prepare! from it to a liuropeau 
^^yndicate, which will take cave of the sale of qtticine. 
The by-products the quinine manufactur rs may sell 
without iutirforcnce. The quhiine wyndioite will have 
an agent in every country ot the world. Tuat 
®pont will ill turn control the provincial ageuts, 
who, where the law of the ccuotry tillows it will sell 
<iuinine and qainino preparations of every description 
directly to the public, and, v»ht-re iliat is not per- 
*JUtted. will ure rotail^’ra middlrmrn. The Bruns- 
'^'ick factory, tho arch eiioniy, will be nllogcther ex- 
cluded from doaiing witli the syndicate, and tho otln r 
works am to be oxprest>iy ptohibited from ^oiling any' 
surplus bark to this coccorn. Tho profits will be 
divided among tlie planters in r tio of the quinine 
Value of thoir bark. 
"I'lie bchemo srems a soinuwha* fantastic one, and 
|f it is aHomplcd to pub it into txeentiou it is Kuro 
lo meet with a dolormined o|>pusi:ion from many 
quHrU-r-j. But as the Java p antia now control the 
bulk of the rich muuu'aoturini; birlis, aud some of 
thoir Xndiau aud youth Americaa c ill^aguos will no 
doubt be anxious to co-operalo in tho schi-ine if fais 
terms are offered to them, it would bo rash to 
prophesy its entire impractxaUii^y.— C/iCiuisf and 
Jhuf/yist. 
TIIM lUlKl'AKATlOX OK VKOKTABLK 
TAhLOW IX CHINA. 
In a receutlv-isHned report by Mr. Consul lloaie on 
fhe trade of \Viuclio\v, he thus refers to vegetable 
tallow from HLillingia sobiforii. w'hich he says occa- 
sionally appears as an import, but more fremiontly 
tts iin export. The tree is largely cultivated near 
^Veucho, and still more widely within the Ch’u-oliou 
Prefecture to the west. It is not, perhaps, generally 
known that the fruit < f this tree produces oil as well 
as tallow. The berries, which I'eseuible coffee-beans 
lu apoearance and size, are first stoamod and then 
pounded in an ordinary rice-trough. By pounding, 
the soft mealy mesucarpis partially separatoef from the 
kernels, tho whole u then placed in a bamboo-sieve, 
the meshes of which are just large enough to allow 
tliQ mealy matter to be scrubbed tlivough, and 
|«najl enougli to keep back tho kernels, which are hard, 
black, and about the size of Boas. From the mealy 
matter the tallovy is expressed in pviinitivo wooden 
pressoH, The oil is derived from the Kernels in tho fol- 
Jowaig manuer: - They are iliiedaud passed between 
millstones, held at such a distance apart, by 
bieaus of a Bamboo pivot, as to crusli the nard 
Jholls of the kernels without injuring the white in- 
torior. U'he whole is tlicn passed through a winnower, 
'vhich separates the broken sliells from the solid 
matter; the latter is then placed in a deep iron pan, 
mid roasted till it begins to iisaiime a browuisli 
colour, the process being accompanied by continuous 
Htirnng to prevent burning. Tli© crushed shells 
make jtu excellent fuel for this purpose. It is next 
Ki'ound by a huge stone roller in a circular stone 
'Veil steamed, made into circular cakoR witli Bam- 
boo and straw casings, and passed through the 
Wooden press. A goorl lighting oil, called “Ch'ing 
of a brownish-yellow colour, is thus obtained, 
^ho tallow is called “piyu;” that is, skin or 
external oil. — iturdeneis' < 'hroniclo. 
Java and thk Quinink Maukkt. — At a meeting of 
>hc Sookubjomi (Java) AgriooUural Aseooiation, on 
*luly l‘ith, the dircotorg oommunioati d tho result 
01 careful iuvestigations on the subject of the prob- 
able supply of quinine from Java bark during the 
years 1B92 and 1893. The information is based 
upon the replies to circular letters sent by tho aaso- 
oiation to all tho Java oinohonn planters. In only a 
very few instances wero replies withheld, and in 
nearly all these the ossooialion, though its relations 
with neighbouring planters or linanciol bouses, 
snooeeded in obtaining the desired information; If 
ail the plantations in Jiva wero uprooted, the re- 
sulting produoo would roprosent 710,000 kilos 
( about 25,000.030 oz.) quinine sulphate- That, 
of course, would bo tho end of the Java oinohona 
industry. The equivalent of quinine sulphate in the 
ostimated bark exports from Java is as follows : — 
1891. 137,000 kilos (-1.830,000 oz.) ; 1892, 151,188 
kilos. (5,340,000 oz ) ; 1893, 1.55,175 kilos (5,490,000 
oz) The increase, therefore will be proportionately 
srnall-r than during the part four years, when 
the bark sold at tho Amsterdam auctions repre- 
sented Quinine sulphate, 18S7, 33,740 kilos.; 
18S8. 47.431 kilos.; 1889. 77,090 ki!o3. ; 1890, 
121,420 kilos. The groat increase in the sales of 
bark at Amsterdam in 1890 is duo partly to the 
fact that the direct shipmeuts of Java bark to 
London wore smaller in that year than in former 
yeais, aud partly to tho uprooting of several 
plantations. At present seven plantations are 
about lo be uprooted .— and Druygii^f. 
OKVLON EXPOKT8 ANL BISfSlBUjiON,’ 189 
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