353 
November 2, 1891.] THE TROPICAL AQRIOULTURI8T. 
KUCRNT rUI 3 LICATIONS. 
Description cl I'imjiki itcJi Kucatyptm Intmduits cn 
Surniic J’riiii'inalciitcnt en France et en Ahjenc. Second 
Meinoiro. (Jharlen Nandin. Aiitiboa, is91, pp. 1-72. 
The first memoir published by Monsieur Kaudin 
upon .the Eucalyptus cnltivated in Europe appeared 
in ISHK. Since that time the veteran French botanist 
has Continued bis investigations, and has been able 
to study a much larger nnniber of species in the 
garden of the Villa Thurct, over which bo pi;eside.s, 
and in which iio lias brought together the largest 
oolleotion of those trees wliieh has been formed; 
and in the present paper he arranges fifty-six of 
them in synoptical tables according to the shape of 
the loaves, the (lowers and the' fruit, so that the cul- 
tivator of these trees will bo able now much more 
readily than ever before to determine the different 
species, which liavo always proved extremely difficult 
to understand from the fact that many of them appear 
entirely different in tliou- juvenile and adult states, 
producing at first leaves of one sort and then later in 
life leaves of an entirely different shape and 
character. To overcome this difficulty in the study 
of the genua Monsieur Nandin has made a special 
Eucalyptus herbarium, in which are represented all 
the species cultivated in Europe, by specimens taken 
at different periods of their ^owth, and showing all 
the different stages througli which they pass from youth 
to maturity. In these studios it may be mentioned 
that Monsieur Nandin lias brought to light among 
the plants cultivated at Antibes no less than thirteen 
undescribod species, now first made known in this 
memoir, a fact which shows tlui value of arboreta and 
the importance of studying trees in a living state, wliore 
different species can be compared with each other 
and their dffferoncos noted. 
A few liriof extracts from the general considerations 
whioh form the first part of this work will be in- 
teresting, perliaps, to our readers, especially as differ- 
ent species of Eucalyptus are dostined to play, it seems, 
an important part iu the fiitui'o of California, where 
many of then have long boon sucoossfully grown. 
" Tlio most interesting things,” blonsieur Naudin 
remarks, “about the genus from the cultural point of 
view, is the rapidity with which certain species grow, 
a rapidity which is unoqualod in any of our native 
trees, and the quantity of wood valuable for iiiann- 
factiiring purposes and (or fuel whioh they can pro- 
duce in a comparatively short time. To this advantage 
possessed by these trees must bo added that of being 
aide to support themselves much farther south than 
most of our forest-trees of Europe, even to the 
aouthern limits of the Algerian Sahara, although the 
region in whioh they can bo cultivated is extremely 
restricted on the iiortli. There are certain species, how- 
ever, natives of Tasmania and of the high moun- 
tains of southern Australia, which will succeed beyond 
the Mediterranean romon, and which can lie cultivated 
on the Atlantic coast as far north as Brittany, and 
even in the south-west of England. In countries with 
warm and humid climates, especially in equatorial 
regions at tlie sea-lo*el, the introduction of tlie 
Eucalyptus has so far been a failure. There is reason 
to liolieve, however, that there are certain species of 
the intertropical regions. of .\ustralia and of the Ma- 
laysian Islands which might bo expected to succeed 
even in tho tropic*. .More thiiu a lumdred species 
are now known, and it is eivsy to understand that 
from this number there is a ooiislderablo choice to bo 
maclo, according to the usages (or whioh they are in- 
tended. Most of tlie species are forest-trees, some 
reaching iu a comparatively short time a colossal size. 
Thoh principal value, then, is tho production of timber, 
although the value of their wood for fuel is almost as 
groat— a quality wliicli will be appreciated in countries 
where tlie absence or high cost of coal is a seriou.s 
obstacle to tho production of metals or to the use of 
steaiii-eiigiues. 
“ Two species may bo distiinjuishod among all tho 
otliors for tlie rapidity with which they reach a largo 
size ; tlioso are F. ijlnhiilus and F. Midkn ; and they 
grow much more rapidly than any of the native trees 
of Europo. In twenty years tlieso trees attain to tho 
size and height of an Oak a hundred years old. Other 
spooioB, without growing as rapidly, aro still roinark- 
•15 
able for the short time they require in which to grow 
to a size large enough to produce valuable material. 
Such species are F, tUverhicolor^ F. maryinata, F. 
crebm, F. hutyi/oides, F, rohnsta, F, Icncoxiflmt^ F, 
(lunnii, F. ritninalis, F. ruilis, F. cormweahx, F, 
rostrata, F. yompkoccpliaia, F. cornuta, F, ampiifoJiaf 
F, terclicornis, s.\\& F. pulyanthema. The wood of sums 
of these species is exceedingly heavy, and might be 
used to advantage for blocks for paving tho streets 
•f cities.” 
“ The climate is not all that is necessary to insure 
the successful cultivation of Eucilyptus. The char- 
acter of tho soil is important. Many Bpooies, it is 
true, aro not particular in this respect; olnors, onthe 
contrary, are apparently very fastidious, and if the 
soil is not suitable to them they grow badly or soon 
die outright, either imiiiodiatoly after tho seed has 
germinated or in tho course of a year or two after- 
ward. It is difficult to say with our presont know- 
ledgo what they need, altliougb experience seems to 
show tliat granite or sandstone soils suit tliem, as 
may be seen on tlie slioros of Provence, where such 
soils are the most common. It is also necessary 
that tho soil in whioh they aro planted sliould bo 
well cultivated and freed of other aborosoent vege- 
tation. The Eucalyptus cannot bear tho neighbour- 
hood of other trees, disputing the possession of tlie 
ground and depriving them of tho light of the sun. 
When it is attempted to grow them in tho shade, 
they become drawn up and give unsatisfactory re- 
sults. No Eucalyptus can grow on land impregnated 
witli salt, and they all suffer wlien planted so near 
tho sea that salt spray roaches tlieir leaves. Ilright 
liglit and » free circulation of air is indispensable 
to these trees, two conditions made necessary by 
tho large amount of water evaporated from their 
loaves, for it is well known that the Eucalypti ox-i 
hale a largo quantity of water drawn from the BoU 
drained bv their roots, (lertain species, parlioularly 
tliose winch grow naturally iu the mo.st arid re- 
gions subject to long droiiglits, store water in Ihoit 
roots and iu tho lower part of tiieir trucks, wliiob 
ore sometimes eulargod Into a sort of bulb, and 
from whioh they draw tlio water necessary for their 
existence during periods of excessive drought. It is 
nselesB to hope that arid rocky liills can ho covered 
with forests of largo Eucalyptus, which require for 
their rapid growth an aliuntluace of soil." 
“Tlio seeds of Eucalyptus may bo planted at 
different periods of tho year, according to regions 
and olimatoB. Witli ns the host time is the spring 
— in March, April or May — for if tiie seed is sown 
at that time, the yonng plant will iiavo siilfioient 
strength to support the cold of the following winter. 
In forming a plantittion of Eucalyptus, it is of prime 
necessity to decide upon tho object to ho attained, 
that tlio species may he seloctod best suited to 
accomplish it. If, for example, it is desired to obtain 
timber in as short a time as possible, F. i/lohuUis, 
F. MtJleri 01 F'. goiiipliocephala should bo planted. If 
very heavy wood is desired, then F. maiyinata, E. 
rostmta and especially F. polyanthema should bo used. 
If it is a question only of obtaining handsome trees 
for tlio decoration of parka or avenues, one would 
cliooee naturally tho spooios most rcmarkahlo for the 
beauty of their growth, for tho dense shade cast by 
leaves and by their abundant flowers, such as. F. 
rolinda, F. emtinia, F. hntryadics or F. leucoxyhn" 
These short extracts will' give, perhaps, an idea of 
tlio scope and character of Monsieur Naudin's con- 
tribution to doiidrological science. For tho full aooonnt 
of tho Eucalyptus, os known in Europe, however, 
wo must refer our readers to tlio paper itself, whioh, 
it seems to us, might with great advantage ho re- 
printed in this country for tho benefit ol the rapidly 
increasing class of people wlioso homes aro in south- 
ern California, whore the cultivation of those trees 
is every year becoming a more important industry. 
— Uanltn ami Forest. 
THE LVDlAltUBBEB TREE. 
To tlio Editor of Oartim and Forest. 
Sir,— Referring to tlie article upon the India- 
rubber tree published in your issuo of November 13th, 
