?56 
THE TROPICAL AQRIOULTURIST [November 2, 1891. 
WORLD’S PAIR NOTES, 
The Gheat Inouhthul Minkhals and Metals will 
Constitute an Isipoictant Featum: op the 
Mines and Minino Exiiidit at the 
Exposition. 
Ill no other dcpsrtmouk of the World's Ooluinhiau 
Expofiitioo, perhaps, will be seon n greater diversity of 
exhibits than in that of Minoa and Mining. Not ouly 
will thoro be a dasz'iug array of diamonds, opals, 
enooraids and other gems, anl of the preeioui metals, 
buta niosteitcusivo collection of iron, copper, lead and 
other orc‘, and of their products; ol coa’, granite, mar- 
ble, sandstone and other boilding atone ; of soils, salt, 
petrolenm, and, indooJ, of almost everything, usefnl or 
beautiful, belonging to tho mincr.l kingdom. How 
extenaivo the mi.'.oral exhibits from other o nutrios will 
be, it is yet too early to know, but tho iudicationa arc 
that it will aurpasa any that Las heretofore been made. 
However that may be, thoro is 110 doubt that tlio mineral 
resources and products, not only of this country as a 
whole, but o( each state and rcction, will bo of the 
moit complete and representative desoriptiou. 
The coal industry in tho UiiHed Slates is of gigantic 
proporlious, involving tho investment of many uiillions 
of capital sud the subsistence of many bmidreds of 
thousands of people. According to leoeut census bul- 
letins tho ont-pnt of coal in 1880 uloiio aggregated 
101, S7G, 290 tons, tho value of which at the mines was 
8131,421,172. Fully two-thirJs of tlic states and terri- 
tories are coal producing. But groat so is the annual 
production of coal in this country it is insiguidnant in 
comparison will the passibililies. Our coal resouro-.s 
are simply cnormons. Vast areas of coal mensuros, 
thousands of miltLS in extent, lie didributcl between 
the Atlantic and Pacific and the northern and snntherii 
boundaries. Throughout the West and south coal miuiiig 
is rapidly inorcasiug in importanoe. 
'I'bo exhibit of coal at the Exposition, of oourao, will 
be qualitative rather than qumititadve. Not ouly will 
the dilleieut vaiieties of coat, which the different locali- 
ties produce, be shown, bat ohtmioal analyseiof each 
and the results of tests determining economio value and 
adaptability to various uses. Tho coal rescurcei of the 
different states and seolions will bo shown by ge logical 
maps and drawings rbowing conliguratiun, stratification, 
etc., which will render apparent tho extent and 
acccsKibility of the coal bods aud veins. For example, 
it will be shown that coal raessuros of varying thiok- 
ness underlie n great portion of the state of Texas- 
some 40 or 60 counties— aud tliat, aUhough the coal 
production of Texas has tlnis far been comparatively 
small, the supply is prsclicnlly inexhaustible, and that 
much of the onal is of excellent quality. Ohiof Skiff is 
enlisting the co-operntion of large coal osohaugos and 
corporations, and expects to have a very extenaivo aud 
complete exhibit. 
Bo too, as regsrda iron, Ttio most etreunons efforts 
will be made to have an exhibit worthy of that great 
branch of industry. 'This country is now tho first 
nation in tho vv. rU in iron production, having recently 
forged abend of Groat Britain, its only real competitor. 
Our production of pig iron now oxceod.s 10,000,000 toiB 
annually, or nearly lour times what it wan ten years 
ago, and the produotioa of stee' now aggregate about 
5,000,000 tons a year, a growth of nenrly 300 percent, 
in the decade. The developmi ut of tho iron rssi urocs 
of the Bnothern states has been especially great and 
rapid. The display at the Exposition will bo prepared 
and collected under the fullest appreciaiiou of the 
magnitude and importance of the iron indnstry. There 
will be shown all the many varielios of ores, with full 
data ai to the location and extent of their bods, tho 
analysisof csohoro, and, so far ns possible the different 
prooeseo.s of tioatmeut in tho manufaeturo of iron 
and steel. 

NOTES O.N I’RODUC'B AND FINANCE, 
-Tba Companies and Investors.— Wo r< produce 
Mr. H. Ktrnsh&w’s valuable atatiatioal title ol luuiau 
toa companies, azid wo recommend inveetora lo 8 • ly 
it. If tUoro aiQ better ipvcBlmyuttf tbaii wou I'olcotea 
ten companies, we have not hud tlie fortano 
to meet with them. It ia ueofnl, however, ty know 
BometbiDK about tho paat and present of tho various 
gardens before makintf a ejection, a;jd if further 
infor«iiatioii thau that given in tbi-i tnblo i.i dcMtod 
it is not dihlcult to proourt*, and it i-} worth taking a iitilo 
trtiuble about. 
Japan Tea.— I n hia report of tho traile of Iliogo 
nod 0.s.ik» for the paat year Mr. Cousul Knako 
etatCH that, owing to tho incessant rains having foroud 
the growth of th'* loaf, tho quality of the first crop 
proved dii'appoinMng, aud hft l it not been for tho 
effect which tho marked advanoo io t-ilvcr Lad on 
exchange (higher raUa preveuliug laUr ica’i fro.n 
being laid down a« choaply), there enu be little doubt 
that the sea^oa would have proved an uusatUfactory 
one to shippers. As auppliea increaBcd, prico-i gradu- 
ally decliubd, niilil thoy showed a diop of from tuo 
lo three dolhri? ou tho earlier prices p.dd for tho 
hf ttcT dorfriptiona of leaf, and one dollar for commo j 
to medium grades, ilic latter being tliroughout the 
searoa moat in request. TUo second crop was more 
satipfaoiory in quadvy th.an the firt-t, a’.d towards 
tho middle of July rorae slight concf s-iioiis o i tho 
part of liobU-rs, coupled with oncoiiragiig adviaos 
from thu couaaming markotg, led to coasiderablo 
badness, the lower grad<8 a;^aio meeting with most 
enquiry. Increased firmness on the p%rt of sellers 
foUowed, supplies being al£o withheld with a view to for- 
cing up pricfit', nndns the Beaton pio^roaaed a ruarkod ^ 
deterioration both iu thu quantity and quuKty 
bcctmo uoticQablo, A dcjlioe i f 50 per cent iu Sues 
freights materially aBHistod the Jupaiicsa in main- 
taiuiug values, notwithalandiug the hi^h rates of 
exchange then ruling, aud buslue^a continued on 
about the Hatno basis until the end of September, 
holders taking advantage of every opportunity to 
raise prices until they reached such a point as to 
render further buying iiuremuuorAtive, especially in 
view of the inferior scdcction aud paucity of atock«, 
which by this time had dwiudiud down to some 
270.000 lb. Tho financial orisit^ in Europe, in the fall 
of tho year, put a sudden stop to busiueis in tho 
United Staton \ff America, tho effects of which was 
quickly felt on this side, and tho season was vir- 
tually closed by the end of October, although, as 
uauqI, a few desultory purchases contioued to ho 
made, amounting to some 530,000 lb. Tho total 
busines'i for the sensou was 21,639,431 lb* that for 1889 
having bocn 18,2-15,735 lb. 
Last Week's Tea Market, — T ho Grocer says:— 
At last we are beginning to seo a little more day- 
light. Tho total oatimated out-turn from India is 
now roducod to 108,IXK),000 lb. Bhipuienta from China 
Initve lately been on a very small scale, and instead 
of being 4, (300,000 lb. in excess, is now brought down 
on a par with last season’s, owing to tho ^Uug off 
in the export from Foochow. Thu news from China 
id getting niorc aorious, and latest private tolecraina 
say that civil war is imminent. Tho supply of com- 
mon toil from China is likely to bo very small, and 
already ibe tormiual market is lefiecting the opinion 
of those who ought lo know by a rise of 2 to 3 poiuta; 
spot has been done at 6 11-lOd, and May at r)Jd., 
while Indians are also much stronger. Privately thoro is 
no demand, and tho public auctions of 17,400 packages 
showed panic prices. China teas offer most wonderful 
vaiuo, yet dealers say that if they buy thorn thoy 
do not get the retailors to take thorn, aud exporters 
do lut take any quintity. Importers caunot go oa 
taking such tuicous loascs, and, we believe, mauy 
w li hold off their teas for a hotter market— at 
present there ia none. The public sales of Indian tea 
have Dg.iu bom on a scale of magnitude, having been 
even heavier tlmn previously, and unprecedentedly 
large, rtnohing 37,320 packages ; but a greater portion 
than preferred consisted of the poorer quaiitiCH, which 
caused the demand to drag Bonoewhat, as if tho trade 
wore over-.iuppliod with those, and, nUhough the bulk 
was disposed of, prices boro aud there again rulod 
slightly in favourof thehujor. For, the smaller proportion 
of the finer and more uboIuI gradoii, however, there 
was a decidedly firmer lone, and ibey weie taken 
off with greater roadiuoss at full to slightly higher 
