February i, 1892.] 
THE TROPICAL AQRJCULTURI8T. 
529 
if Buooeekfnl, it U not intended to enter into competi- 
tion upon theEacopeau market, bnt rattier to export to 
Aden for the nae of ahipa passing that port. As soon aa 
time permits, exporimenta are likely to be made in the 
cultivation of apices, especially doves, nntmega, and 
pepper (the latter near the coaat region), as irell aa with 
gambier. The oil-palm does not aeem to tako kindly 
to the soil of Gorman East Africa, though, if it ahonid 
be lound that its onltivation is possible there, tlie erec- 
tion of suitable modern oil-mills will become a matter 
of interest. Xhe plant yielding the onlumbs of com- 
merce (Jattorrhixa calumba) oceaxa only sporadically in 
German East Africa, and as the demand for it is subject 
to great fluctnations, and is inconsiderable at the best, 
its propogation does not hold out any inducements. 
Tamarind trees do occur, bnt hitherto their fruit 
has not been gathered for export purposes. Areca- 
nuts have been exported from Tanga and 
Tangani in small quantities only, and beeswax 
has, up to the present, been scarcely a com- 
naeroial article. Among other articles of vcgetsblo 
origin, copal takes the first place; it is traded in ex- 
cellent quality, especially in Kilwa and Lindi. Gum 
arabio occurs in the various kinds, but mostly of very 
inferior quality, in the Ai usba region of the Kilima- 
njaro monntain.Tno bales have recently been reoeivod 
in Germany from the colony, but they show an 
altogether insoluble gnm, the viscosity of which was 
such that one part of gum to three parts of water 
produced a jelly-like mass. On the other hand, a sample 
received from the At usba district showed an almost 
solnble drug. There is, therefore, some hope that a 
suitable gum may be obtained as the result of closer 
invcstigaliou. The main difficulty in the way of suc- 
cessful plantation in German East Africa is the one 
j B la^ur. Hence only the cultivation of high- 
priced articles holds out hopes of success. The system 
of forced cultures (which, for instance, still obtains to 
some extent in the Dutch colonies) has been frequently 
recommended as suitable for the production of large 
staple articles ; but the trouble is that it is impossible 
to force the natives by means of fines, as they possess 
nothing, whereas physical force could hardly be em- 
ployed. Some time ago an attempt was made to place 
a tax upon palm-trees, but its only resnlt was that 
the natives partly ont down their trees, and one and 
all refused to extend their plantations. Attempts have 
beun made to induce the natives to cultivate sesame- 
seed* to a greater extent than they do now by giving 
them free supplies of seed, but these have not been 
very sucoessful.— cArmtst atd Druggist. 
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO DEVELOP- 
MENT CORPORATION, LIMITED. 
A company under the above title has been registered 
With a capital of £300.000 in 600 founders' and 290y5()0 
ordiuary sharea of £1 each reepectively. The objctJts 
of the company are the acquieikioo of land?, timber, 
ininoi. furuacoa, factories, busineeaeB, or other real or 
personal property whatsoever, situate iu the island of 
liorueo or eleowhere, and, with a view thereto, to carry 
into elfeot two agreements, the first expressed to be 
made between the .British North Borneo Company of 
the one part and this company of the other part; 
the second, made Sept. Slst, lb91, between J. W. Oolmer 
of the one part and J. G. T. Hassell, on behalf of this 
company, of the other part ; to navigate and carry 
on trade along the river of Borneo or elsewhere, 
and to develop the resources of and turn to account 
® buildings, and rights for the time being of 
.. 9 ®o®P®ny, in sneh manner as the company may 
ink fit, in particular by clearing, rcclainiing from 
imt irrigating, fouoing, planting, building 
POD, farming, mining, <to, ; aho as miners and 
Mouera, engineers, mtrehants, bankers, exporters, 
importers, &o. The first subscribers, who 
piMrt abate each, are: — Lord Waterpark, Dove- 
sW y PfyeMl. Harrington Hoad. L.W.; 
K. 8. Meade, 66, Queen’s Gate, S.W. ; A. W. Jarvis, 
* Dingeli,— Ed. T, A. 
M.P., 120, Mount Street, \Y. ; W. G. Brodie, Blm- 
bourue. Upper Tooting j 0. Ince, 102, Alexandra Koad, 
South Hampstead ; and J. A. Qodgo, 14, Abbeville, 
Road South, Olapham Park. There shall cot bo leas 
than throe nor more than nine directors. The first 
are the Right Hon. Lord Waterpark, W. G. Brodie, 
A. W. Jarvis, M.P., Rear-Admiral R.C. Mayno, o.b., 
M.P., and General Sir Richard Meade, K.c.s.l., o.i.E. 
Qualification, £800. Remuneration : Chairman, £400 ; 
ordinary directors, £200 per annum each, with an ad- 
ditional 10 per cent, on the net profits of the oom- 
pany after payment of 15 per cent, dividend, such 
latter lemuneration to be divisible. — JJ. an4C, Mail. 
riORSE-rOWER IN LIEU OP BULLOCK- 
I’OWEH IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE, &c. 
We copy from the Times of India a paper advo- 
cating the BuperBesaion of bulloohs and buffaloes 
by horses and especially mares in agrionltnral 
operations. If there is any force in the arguments 
used as regards India, they apply even more 
strongly to Ooylon, where the groat difficulty in 
the use of improved ploughs and other agricultural 
implements, is the small size and weakness of 
the native bnllook. The remedy usually proposed 
IB the use of the larger and stronger Indian oattle, 
bnt the first cost of such animals is high and the 
expense of their upkeep is in proportion. If wo bad 
an abundant supply of oountry-bred horses (and 
surely horses can be bred in Ceylon) we should 
not have proposals made to use bullock power 
even for elreet tramways. As civilization advances 
BO will the use o| meat aa food in Ceylon; and it 
goes without saying that the beef from animals 
whiob have worked hard for many years must be 
far inferior to that of oattle bred epeoially for 
milk-giving, manure and the buteher. One great 
difficulty, no donbt, here, even more than in India, 
would be to get the oultivators to manage horses. 
As regards the Sinhalese, it is the rarest possible 
thing to find a Sinhalese horaekeeper. But this 
may be due mainly to the fact that the position of 
a horsekeeper is socially low, just as, in the eyes 
of the Smbalafie, ia that of an ordinary oooly. 
Allagnoultural work, however, ie deemed honourable, 
and It dose not seem doubtful that in time Sinhalese 
would adapt themeelves to the oars and employ- 
ment of the horse in their farming operations. 
An experiment might be tried in the grounds 
altaohod to the Agricultural College. Mr. Hallen 
mentions what are rarely seen or mentioned in 
Ceylon— mnlee. We have never heard of ono of 
these hybrids being bred in Ceylon, and it ia surely 
curious that while mules were employed in all the 
carrying work of plantations in the Weet Indies, they 
have never been so employed in this ieland. The 
buUook has been always our stand-by in Ceylon. 
The question is whether at least a partial change 
might not bo advantageouely made by the use of 
the horse ? 
NOTES FROM OUR LONDON LETTER. 
PALAIS INIIIKN COMPANY AND MB. LOUGH — TKAS 
IN LEAD PACKETS THE ANDES BXI’KDITION — 
CELLULOSE OF COCONUT. 
London, Deo 4 
A mail or two back my letter referred to the 
Boomingly extraordinary course pursued by Mr. 
Lough at the meeting of the Palais Imlien Com- 
pany, by wbiob ho seemed to endorse the desire 
of some of the shareholders that the sales of tea 
by that company should be confined entirely to 
the teas of Indian growth. It seomod to me that 
support given by Mr. Lough to such proposals 
was quite inconsistent with the obligation he had 
inoHtred in aooepting the poBition of your Agent 
