53* 
THr TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
[February i, 189a. 
ia done by ordinaiy bullooka, Theae pony medrce 
were elao employed ia Fotsien wbeeU for lifting water 
from wolla to irrigate fielda iu whioU lucerte guiU(,a 
raea, daba, oariota, Ac., weie grown. Likewi'io I 
ad some of Ibe marre need for raising water by ibe 
chnrsa or leather moabak. As I found some tif t e 
heavy work of the (arm, each as pulling 'timterand 
plonghing very atiK land, was rather too maoh for 
the small pony mates, I was allowed to have twelve 
larger marcs, from 14.3 to 15 bands, cast from re- 
giments and batteries, and with tbeae and the pony 
mares all the work in the farm, and the carrying of 
grain and forage iu carte about the farm, and bripging 
bran, Ito., from a railway atation 3d miles oQ waa 
duly performed. These mares were not groomed ; 
when not at work they were allowed to graze iu the 
fioldsj and they also had a small qnautity of grain 
diet acaording to the work they performed^about 
8 lb. 'daily. Each, ploughman had to attend and 
care for two pairs of pouies. The moresi as they 
came in aeason, were mated with doukey stulliona 
and the mule produce so obtained were highly 
satisfactory. The mules born were found to be 
hardly and easily reared. The coat of rearing 
was oaloulaled at EIJ pec month, and at the age of 
three years the molve were wortli from U150 to 
I{3£0 each, kfule.breeding is therefore a paying in- 
dustry. But my present wishes aie to induce the 
publio to look upon the horse as an animal as nselul 
as a bullock on a farm, and if maces are employed, 
then the pro6t, arising from nsing them as hotso or 
roulo 'breeders, ia apparent. If the agricultural cow- 
rounity will me hotsea for farm work, tho borsa- 
brooding industry wiM become extended, and the 
requirements of tba publio and State, as regards 
horsesi will be securoii in the local markets. At 
preient horse and ma)a breeding aro limited inoxteut; 
heuou why iniportors bring horses ami mules from 
distant countries— Australia, Persia, Arabia and the 
Ospeof Good Hope, to supply the wauta of the State 
and public. The largo amount of money required to 
pay for these foreign horses and mules ia given for 
the benefit of other countries, not for Indis. But 
India, with its congenial olimate, in districts away 
from tba lowlands of the coast, ospccially in Northern 
India, ia particularly well suited for horse otid mulo 
breeding ; snd sorely it will bo good policy for breeders, 
in suitable districts, to follow horse and mole brsed- 
iiig as a part of agricultural work, and thus iu time 
provide all boraes and mules required iu India, and 
the money now sent to foreign ronutrice will he dis- 
tributed amongst breeders of ludisu horse and mule 
stock. 1 have to earnostly recommend that the native 
gentlemen I have tho plossnro of addressing may 
explain to farmers ond others whst 1 have described 
in my address, and I would solicit their kind oo- 
operation in inducing every tmployer of Imllooks to 
use mans inatcad, and thus have the profit obtaina- 
ble from tho maroa ns breeders. 1 would ask yon to 
accept all I have said as Ibe result of practical ex- 
perience, snd SB that ^raoticsl experience has con- 
vinced me of thopecumsry advantage derivable from 
using hocBO and mare power, so do I deem it iny 
duty to inform the publio of Indis, with a view of 
allowing farmers ond other bullock-keepers to become 
aware of the saUefaotory results from employing marcs 
instead of bullocks. 
Iu concluaion, Mr# UalU-n a atatiatics 
which went to show that more water could be rsised 
by the '‘chain pump-" in u given time, and with a 
similar amount of power, than with the chursa or 
Persian wheel, and ne assured all ■who cared to visit 
the farm at Bahugarh of a liearty welcome. A course 
of technic il instructiou would be given at that farm 
to all who cared to learn tho managi montof a farm 
and all its details. 
The Chairman said that with the co-operntion of a 
few of his friends ho would address Oovernniont on 
the subject of Mr. Halleu’s sclienie, for ho felt sure 
that tlie only way to get tho publio to take the matter 
up was through the Government. 
Ill aoknowiedging the vote of thanks which was 
passed to him, Mr. Hallen said ho was anxious tliat 
such steps should he taken in the matter of horse and 
mule breeding as would make India iudependent of 
foroigu Boutoes. The improved indigenous horse was 
far better than the Auetxaliau. In India we bad the 
basis, in tlie Asiatic animal, of the best horse for or- 
dinary publio services, and the best war horse. The 
best definition of a war horse was a horse that would 
go tho longest distance, and perform hard work on tho 
ahartesl oammona. — Timts of India. 
Ceylon Tea in Sydney.— A Sydney paper con- 
tains the following advertisement 
The Memiodene Cop is Past. 
Ijatost Tip for Oeylon Cup : 
Golden Tip. 
The increasing production of Ceylon Teas, and ex- 
cellence of Teas grown in the island, have indnoed us 
to offer selections from the loading estates, oiipcrseding 
everything hitherto etfoced at the price ; no outrageous 
Dames, but Oeylon pure and simple. Ho. 7, Oboioe 
Ceylon Pekoe Souchong, handsome leaf, thick, rich, 
mellow, fine flavour, 8 b per lb. No. 6, Ohoioeet Oeylon 
small leaf Pekoe, with dolicicus flavonr and snperb 
quality, 2 b 6d per lb. No. 0, Extra Choice Oeylon 
Golden Orange Pekoe, a maea of golden tip, abanlntely 
matcblesa in liquor, 3s. In families where a quantity 
of tea is consumed a largo monetary saving will be 
effected by ordering this tea. Address, E H. Harris & 
Co., Oeylon Tta Stores, 18 Koyal Arcade, Sydiiev. 
“The Tallow Tree" ( Sapimn sehriferum) 
AS A PuEL Plant.— F rom Passellawa a corteapon- 
dent writes: — 
“ 1 am sending you a few seeds of tho tallow 
tree, which ia a strikingly handsome plant and an 
exceeding qniok grower. The leaf ia in shape some- 
thing like the Bo, and here and there a leaf turns 
crinisoQ like the maple, The seed ease is ronnd d 
sail bright purple bearing each two seeda. I thought 
that ns it grows so very fast, it might he thought 
wotlb cultivating tor fuel trees, and I send yon au 
extract of what Dr. Ttimen says about it.’’ 
From the extraot sent, it appears that tbo tree 
was introduced to Ceylon about 70 years ago and 
has long sinoe been nataralizcti in some of tbs 
hill districts. Candles are largely made in China 
from the fatty matter round the seeds. The wood 
is hard and would make good fuel. Our oorre- 
spoudent speaks of a tree growing most luxuriantly 
at an elevation of about 8,OGO feet, the tree' being 
fully 20 feet high at not 3 years old, making the 
quickest growth of any tree planted in the locality 
except the Alhitiia known in Assam as the Sau. 
Acoopdinq to a recent writer in Qartenjiora the 
so-called Century-plant {Agave Americana) was in- 
troduced into Enrope daring first century after the 
discovery of the Now World. Tbo blooming of one 
specimen is recorded as occurring at Avignon in 
15t)tl, and of another at Montpelier in 1647, while 
oven SB far north as Wurteraborg a specimen waa 
seen in the latter years of the sixteenth oontnry, 
tho flower. stalk of which measured over twonty- 
tonr feet in height and more than two feet in 
diameter. A story ia told of one which, in some 
town of Languedoc, under the eyes of Loiue XIII. 
and Cardinal Biehsliou, throw up a flowor-stem 
twenty-eight “band-lengths " in height during the 
space of thirty-six hours, sogeatlyto the astoniah- 
meut of the king that ho decreed the •' bowildoring 
stem " should ha painted by “ some admirable 
painter." Tho first ilulatration of Agave Americana 
was published by Lobelias, who died in tho same 
year as Shakespeare. C no does not often realize, 
perhaps, that in the far-off days of Good Queen 
Bess American plants wore already known in 
England as well as on tho Continent, some of them 
being almost familiar objects, while as yet there 
were very few Americans except such as wore tod 
skins. — Garden and Foreet. 
