THE TROWbAL A0R10ULTUR18T. 
[February i, 1892, 
5S* 
Yuca.— M ultiplies iu a prodigioaa m&iiner,it is greatly 
sppreoiatcd, aua ia iudiapenable. It ia gathered at 
the tenth mcntb, and each plant generally givee an 
“ arroba,'* worth 4 reals (eay la 2d). 
Maizb. — Qrowa with credible rapidity, and three 
crops a year can be obtained. This plant oonstitates 
tho general fodder for all domestio animala. It yields 
abundantly, and two quintals are worth 5 to 6 soles. 
Fbejoles (Beans). — Like maizo grow rapidly, and 
tho orop matnres iu 40 daya. It ia worth 4 soles 
per quintal. 
IticB.— Is easily grown without irrigation ; two crops 
a year ate obtained, and it is the article in greatest 
demand. Its value is one sol per “ arroba.” 
OoCA piodnoes very well. It is the article moat 
appreciated in the whole of the mountain districts, and 
is worth 8 solos per arroba.” 
To these must he added all classes of vegetables 
which grow well, sueh as rarions sorts of potatoes, 
cabbages, tomatoes, lettnoc, mani (pea nut), came to 
(sweet potato), and tbs following fruit— melons, water 
melons, oranges, lemons, pines, plantain tree, "paltas" 
(Avocat pear tree), ohirimoya (custard apple), papaya, 
guava trees, figs and grapes. 
All those wo saw as far as San Luis, up to which point 
the lands already under cultivation reach. None of 
these products requiro artificial irrigation, nature 
having dune all tliat was wanted. 
From San Luis de Shuaro to the River Eilsnas and 
its coufidonoe with the I’ereud, the greater part of 
the land is wooded, and is inhabited by Indians, 
Amuyses, and Oampas tribes, although in auiall number. 
At times two or three leagues, may be covered without 
auyone being met. These Indiana are docile and 
intelligent, and the Oampae tribe ia believed to be 
numerous. We believe that they oaunot be prejudicial 
but, on the coutrary, must be useful to a colony 
such as we contemplate. 
These lands ia our opinion offer to a oolouy a flatter- 
ing futnio, by reuEon of the fertility of the aoil, the 
many fine water-courses which intersect them iu all 
directions, and, above all, on aocount of the olimate. 
The temperature at Metruro is 22 degrees centigrade 
(72 Fahrenheit) and the eiovatioa above the level to 
tho sea is 4,000 feet. 
The following is the dosoription of those lands : 
Leaving San Luis on the right, and on the banks of 
tho river Fniliaa at about two or three leagues from 
that point, a fine pampa is met with of about two 
leagues in length, with small undulations declining to 
the Bonth, and many water-coursos having a soffleicut 
quantity of water to work a factory. On this pampa 
are all classes of trees of the most exquisite wood, 
such as cedar, walnut, mahogany, gum tree, jaoaranda, 
ohonta, pueberi, cascarilla (Fornvian bark), osk of 
different olaases, and above all the caontohoao (India 
(ubber), which if cultivated would bring mraediato|profit. 
Here are found wild the indigo tree, vanilla, cotton, 
and vegetable ivory iu great abnudanoe; and it is 
believed that in these regions ail classes of plsnts 
may be grown. 
From this point and leaving Metrsro for the river 
Efionas largo “ pajonsles” (grass plains) are met with, 
giving good and abnudant pasturage for the rearing 
of sheep, cattle, and goats ; and it may be believed 
that on these heights corn and other cereals can be 
produced, it not on a large scale, at least in suffi- 
cient quantity for the requirements of the Oolony ; 
and we may hope tho asms with regard to the vine. 
Vegetation is so varied and afaoodaul that only a 
visit to tbeso places can give any idea of what tney 
contain. Here are met with mines of salt, which eome 
day may have great importance, and mines of very 
good iron and copper, not being workod at present. 
Another expedition has been dispatobed, consisting 
of Mosars. Ross and Sinclair, two well-known Ceylon 
planters. The primary object of this expedition is to 
ascertain if the cultivation of eofloe, tea, and other 
tropical prodncti oonld be undertaken on a commetoial 
basis ; but they will report generally on all the land 
they viail. Their report has not yet been reoeWed, but 
n the meantime it may be interesting to quot e shortly 
Irom a letter written by one of them, his general view 
of the country. Ue writes ; *' One has to modify 
their preconceived notions of the tropica after a anjontf 
in tbia pccnliar oonntry I have hitherto, for ioetancQ 
thongbl that Enropoan emigrants — as labourers — were 
wholly uDBuited for the tropica. Thia does not apply 
to Pern. Whatever diffionlties may exist as regards 
transport or inlorcornmnnication, there can be no 
reasonable doubt that thia vast region oflera a field for 
colonization aueh as can bo found in few other 
parts of the world, tt ia not merely the marvollons 
produotiveneas of the coil that oalls for admiration, 
but the variety aed heallhfulnesa of the ulimate 
that aeema ao mnoh to sarpass that of any other 
country I have ever oomo aoroas. In the pury 
tropical tomperatnre, anch si we experienced smida 
the moist luxuriance of the Fereud Valley,' it may 
be, and it possible, by unwonted exposure to eontrsol 
fever, but taken as a whole, I do not believe itheio 
is a healthier olimate under the sun than Peru, and 
it ia impossible to think of any race of human 
beioge who might not find a congenial home bwro, 
and whose chance of longevity might not bo 
inoresaod by a residence in one or other of the various 
looalities." 
Mr. P. U. G. Olatke, of the Government Gardens, 
Ceylon, accompanied tbia expedition to the banka 
of the Perend, and the information he brings oonfimia 
that received from Messrs. Rosa and Sinclair, to the 
eScot that the lands in that district are suitable for 
every kind of enUivation and that moat of the valuable 
products, such as oofl'ue, cocoa, vanilla and India rubber 
are found iu a wild state. 
The results of Ibcee investigations show, so far, that 
there is an immense field for planting and , settlement, 
but that the want of railway eommunication is very 
aerionaly felt. The board baa decided to take no 
definite aetion for the celtlemeut of any part of this 
disttiot nntil the Central Railway is opened to Orya 
and until the hereafter-mentioned survey through tne 
disttiot has been made. Meanwhile application has 
already bren made to the Government for a grant of 
land in this district, and they have allocated 600,000 
hectare s out of which the Corporation ia entitled to 
aelect 600,000 hoctarea (1,250,000 acres). 
Under an agreement dated 28th January, 1890 
with the Government of Peru, tho Oorporatiou 
baa the right to build a Railway to one of the 
navigable rivera in the Amazonian Provinces, and is 
entiled to receive an allotment of 6,000 hectares 
(I5,r00 aores) of nnapproprialed land for each kilo- 
molro of railway constructed. Tho Corporation in tnrn 
is obliged to send an expedition to locate the most 
salable route for this Railway, but the building of 
tho line ia entirely optional. Inatruotions have boon 
sent to Lima for the neoesaary expedition to be dis- 
patched in the early part of next year, and, it being 
a matter of almost national importauoo to Pern to 
open up the whole of the Central diatrict, the Cor- 
poration hopes that special inducements will be offered 
to them by the Peruvian Government to build this 
Railway. 
It is to be hoped that the Corporation will not help 
in what threatens to be " the overproduction of tea” 
and I must try and pat in a word to that end. In 
coffee and the other produots mentioned, there is 
plenty of soopo ana great enoonragement' to 
oultivation. The report of the Spaniards evidentl 
carried little weight in ” the City ” or in England 
whereas that of "the Ceylon planters” is eageil/ 
and trastfully anticipated. It is a great complimenti 
of oourse to Ceylon wbioh is now more then e\ei 
rceognized as the beet nursery for tropioal plantdsi 
I trust Messrs. Slnolair and Ross may arrive, aS 
expected, about the I3th January in good health 
and spirits. 
SnOAE COLTIVATION IN THE SaNDWIOH ISLANDS, 
encouraged by exoeptioual United States laws, has 
assumed such importanoe that eeven pages of the 
Honolulu " Planters' Monthly" are occupied with a 
directory of persons employed on the plantations, 
