March i, 1892.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST, 
617 
fcented flowerp. Somfl very correct people with iotceu- 
rate ideas of its otjmology have civilised gillyflower into 
“ July flower/’ 
The “clove** of garic, &c. is traceable to the old 
Teutonic words whioh ^ive us cleave, clove, cleft, and 
is applied on account of iho separated condition of the 
fruit. 
How “clove,” an old weij^bt of wool and cheese 
(rrr about 7 or 8 lb. avoirdupois), came to bo adopted 
is not known. It is understood to be derived from the 
Latin clavu.i, a nail, which was aLo under that name 
a lineal ruensure in oldon time. The connectiou be- 
tween the nail (measure) and the clove (weight) secraa 
to be lost. 
OocA is the Spanish form of the I’eruvian Qnca. Its 
first mention in Knglhb literature is found In Bullokar 
in 1610. 
CoccDLUJ (ns in Coeculaa lodicua) is merely a Latin 
word siirniryin^ a little berry. 
Cochineal comes via the Spanish cochinlUa from 
the Italian cocciniuha truceable to the L ‘tin 
scAilet coloured. In Spaui.-h the same word, a dimi- 
nutive of oochhidi BOW, is u.scd ns the name of the 
wood-louse, and h;i» bton sug^ejted as the origin of 
coebiueab But tho two words opponr to be only for- 
tuitously similar and have eatire’y distiuoo oriKio-'*. 
Cocoa and Cocoa .nut bavo tccisloned no end of 
confuision aroonit uniii'tructod people. Oic>n (Ibn 
“grstofu! aud comforting” article obUiued frem the 
B 0 L»d 8 of tho Theohrom^ cacao) is a corruptioa of the 
three -B^llaHied word ” c i-ya-o,” which was the Spanish 
adaptaiiou of the Mexican name for tho seeds cacauatL 
Tho coco^nut was, and sbouUl ho still, written “coco.” 
It was 80 called by the Poftuguose when they dis- 
covered it in ludiA, whore it was called in the native 
language tegmmyt tentfa. (-000 is a Portu.^ueae word 
for grin or grimace, and was probably u^'etl in refer- 
anod to the queer-fae:-liko appearance of the bare of 
the ftfcoU with its three Uoleh.* It ii worthy of note 
that in Johnson’s Dictionary the article “Coco” 
was run to.ietlier with th .t on “ Coaoa,” apparently 
by an acoid^-nt, for Johnsou himself used tho word 
“Coco” (pluril Cocoes) in hia other writings. This 
accident is probably to f^oine extent the esuse of the 
confusion wh’Ch has ])rcvailed b-tworn the t«o words. 
Coffer is the descendant of a Turkish word qahvnh^ 
which was applied not to the berry but to tho heveraKC, 
and is believed to have originally meant some HOtt of 
wine, and to have been derived from a verb which meant 
to have no appetite. 
OoMMRucB began to be substituted for “merchandise” 
in the litter part of the sixteenth century. It is 
compoHod ol com, with, and merxt mere/, warei. For 
more than a century the word waa accented on tlie 
aecoud syllable, as in Watts’s line (1709), “I hold no 
more commerce with Hell.” 
Oompetr and Compktitou are among those words of 
which the original sense has been modified by human 
t6udeucie.s. The etymological meaning, and uo doubt 
the early use of the words, implied a seeking in com- 
pany, a sort of parlnorship, The union developea into 
rivalry, tho rivalrv into opposition, which is more like 
the modern A’gnifioation. 
OONQOU, as applied to tea, is a corruption of th« 
Chinese word work. It means tea on wl ich 
work or labour has boon expoudcd,-“C//rmwf and Drvg^ 
Deo. 26. 
THK CKYliON LAND AND PRODUCE 
COMPANY, LIMITED. 
R p^rt ol the Diroclora to be aubmitlod to the 
SeV' ioh AiiiJiinl Gfiierel Meetinor of Sharoholdere to 
he belli iu Kouiu 117 (1-t Floor), Lsadenloill lIuDse, 
JOl, Lpaili iih.il street, in Uio C ty of Loui'oii, on the 
3l8t day of D.cembtr, 1891, et 12o'c'oek noon. 
Voiir Directors be;< t > submit tho iimoxed profit 
anil loss account and bilanca ‘beet for the year end- 
*o<r 30ti.Tunc, I8UI, duly an life.'. 
Due nmiunt at ore it of profit and loss account, 
after doJuctinjt depreciation of machinery and buildings 
on New reradeniya, Felteresao, and Uiokarton eitatea 
(1,000), and writing oft X8,038 lOs 8d from the Mstalo 
properties referred to below, is £3,069 Os O.i which 
with tho sum brought forward from last year 
£2,308 7a 4d leaves, £5.3/7 13. lOd to he dealt with 
Your Directors propose to pay on tho 30lb day of 
January, 1892, tho fix d Cumulative dividend of 0 
per cent on tho preference shares, and 10 per cent on 
the ordinary shares, both less income tax, and to 
carry forwar.i the balance, £1,093 3a lOd subject to 
the Directors' remnueration for the year under re- 
view, to be fixed at the general meeting, and to the 
payment of iucome tax. 
Your Directors' earnest oonsideration has been given 
to the question of the capital value of the Alatale 
Estates as they stand in the books. In the report 
for year ending 30th June, 1889, it was stated by 
your then directors that the expectations on which 
the Company’s Cocoa Estates were acquired had not 
up to that time been fnlfilled, aud in tho amended 
riport for same period your Hoard expressed the 
belief hit that was partly owing to the unprece- 
deuicd drought that ooourred early in the history of 
this Company. They have now, however, come to the 
eocoln.iiou that a shrinkage has occuried in their 
original value, and they cousidof this to be an ex- 
tremely iavourable opportunity for re-arranging the 
figures. They have therefore written off from profits 
iho sum of £8,038 10s 8 I, and applied the same in 
rcduciioti of tho book values of the Matala Estates' 
III effecting this r, duoliou your Direotors anticipate 
the shareholders’ co-operation and consent. 
The past year has been a favourable one for the 
Company, the satisfactory result of which is largely 
owing to tho ejceptionally high prices which prevailed 
end were obtaiued loth for cocoa aud coffer. 
It is gratifying to your Direotors to r- port that 
the average prices for Ceylon cocoa during tho 
year have been on a higher scale than f irmerly 
and where tho curing has been oarofully attended 
to, ixtrome values have been obtained; the pro- 
ductiou, however, in the i-laud does not appear to 
extend very rapiilly. 
A new feaiuro however has been developed in the 
mersaaed output of Java since 1886, during ilie last 
two ye-irs particularly so, and the rapid sirirlea made 
111 ihe improved curing has msdi this growth a strong 
competitor whioh your Directors think will bo felt 
llni demand conUunes good, and it is iiolewortby that 
no stock of Ceylon is on band, p.roeli going imme- 
diately into con-snmption after sale, which of oonree 
adds strength to the p sition. 
With regard to coffcoit is pie sing (o yonr Direotors 
that they can report that prices during the whole 
of the year have been of an emiiieully satisfactory 
obarseter. The prires for the article have continued 
high since 1886, and althongh onnsnmption does not 
appear to have been materially affected, the prodno- 
tioii has been stimulated, and tho world’s supply will 
prob.ibly be considerally increased in (he near future 
Your Directors therefore antioipaio a lower range of 
prices, but they look forward with ooiiSdeuoo, that 
tho.so for Coyl u will bu still tenmuora'ivo 
The Company's Tons have also shown a profit- 
able resnlt, bnt your Directors view with aomeoun- 
cern, and indeed it has been pointed out by varions 
authniities, that the planting cf this product is being 
over'tone in Ceylon ; they have thcr.fore iusirncted 
the Company's Managers to cease jdanting tea on 
nny^ cxteu.slvo scale, aud have directed tbcm to give 
their attention to the introdiictinii of coffee, cocoa, 
and other and miner products on niiy of Ihe Company's 
land suitable f- r their growth. 
The year 1891 opened with a strong market for 
Oeyl n t.-s, Iho a v rage price at the public sales in 
January Ining lljdperlb. No msterisl decline took 
place until Apiil win u arrivals increased, audio oon- 
Bcquenco ol iinuaimlly heavy flushes, the quality 
shewed ■ marked fal'iiig off, while, in many ctaee 
the dry leif ovidrii ed hurried preparation. Maiulv 
o ving to the.ie cau.ses prices became weaker, and tha 
genet il average for the past /ix months to the em? 
of November has ruled at about 9Id per lb. Lower 
rates have, however, no doubt benefited the indusTJ 
