March i, 1892.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST, f? 
65s 
rolling surfaces moving at right angles to each other. 
I do not think any machine had the lower table 
traversing and the upper stationary. As I have said the 
Standard had tho two snrfacea moving at right angles 
to each other, and each surface being operated by 
a separate crank-shaft enabled me to put on wheels 
of uneven or unequal size to produce a varying 
action on the tea leaf which was then thought 
necessary. Tho Standard was the only one of my 
inventions, which I brought into Ceylon prior to tho 
Excelsior for which I took out a patent in 18HI. 
I never patented the Standard in Cevlon. I first 
saw tho defendants’ machine about l^ay or .Tune 
last year. I had not seen it at the manufacturers' 
in Scotland, but I got specifications and drawings 
about July ISflO I think. I got the specifications 
first and tho drawings afterwards. As regards the 
I'lxcolsior, what T claim as novel in my invention is tho 
arrangement for transmitting motion to tho top rolling 
surface throvigh the case or jacket surround- 
ing it, whereby the top rolling surface is loft free 
as regards vertical movement from the mechanism 
operating it. The square piece of wood on my 
machine is the top rolling surface. In the specifica- 
tion it is described as usually composed of wood. 
It is capable of being moved up and down at the 
will of the attendant. — And if tho attendant has no 
will about it but has gone to sleep or is having a 
cheroot outside, is not its vertical action by gravity ? 
— is not its natural motion downward by gravity f— 
Yes, gravity is the natural force that dr^s it 
down. I claim for it that in this vortical action it 
is entirely free from the driving mechanism. — That 
is tho pith and marrow of your claim, is it not? — No, it 
is not. — Then what is? — The arrangement of trans- 
niitting motion through tho jacket to the top 
'■oiling surface. Free vertical movement of the 
fop rolling surface is one of the results flowing 
Iroiu that arrangement. — Will you say that it 
necessarily flows from the subject of yoiu’ claim?— 
I cannot add the word or keep it away. It is ono 
of tho rosnlts flowing from it, but there are other 
results nanied in the specification which may not 
necessarily flow from that arrangement. Tho machine 
might be badly pot together. It does not follow 
that the result necessarily flows. I cannot say 
that it is a necessary result or otherwise, hut it is ono 
of the results that flows from tho utility of the in- 
vention. Then you claim it only as a result 
of the invention and not as part of it ? In Kerr’s 
case I think you took the opposite view. — I am not 
aware that free vertical motion was claimed, and 
in speaking of this free vertical action it must bo 
taken into consideration that this was a machine 
having free vertical action as against the other 
having no vertical action. I take it for granted that 
in the specification of my machine the spindle is 
not mentioned and in the drawing there is only 
shown a hole in the bow through which a spindle 
blight pass. The spindle, itself is not drawn. In 
®KUro 1. there are dotted lines from tho bow to A. 
"[nich represent the spindle and as a matter of fact 
ttio first Excelsior that came to Ceylon had both 
and spindle. (Mr. Browne here read part of 
jnr. Hutson’s evidence at the last trial.) Witness 
then said : — A few small hand-machines wore 
!|bld without either bow or spindle for cheapness. 
If the chain of my machine is unhooked tho 
'■oiling surface may drop down to tho bottom, 
bb if tho ten gets into a lump it may force 
be cap to rise somewhat, but it has no nuto- 
atic action. The mechanical description of it is 
action vortical or downwards. ITescri- 
or or jacket of his model he said: — The case 
frnmo" . oobsists of a wooden cnee with a brass 
lire,.™ c "hicli is fixed a bow or bracket. (Mr. 
desc^^- "bbe called the witness’s attention to the 
In fiff°° 1 *''® jacket given in his specification.) 
Tnllir.!;'^® ;• II — Iho case or jacket enclosing the 
is Pbl' °I b’y model which 
of wood. Thfirft in Mrt in flirt 
drawintr 'vooa. anere i 
in mv® 1 ’’’y niachirie which 
dravriLs mn'- "“'‘■‘'■I- The 
chine ^ *'^“'1. P"’'’*' '"X 
adiustnhl,, made of wood is 
1 c vertically witliiu the luctal frame to wbicU 
it is attached: it indicates it by showing the 
slot-holes through which pass the bolts which 
secure tho lining to the frame. There is no 
mention of the frame in my specification, se- 
parately from tho jacket. There is no mention 
of tho materials of which the jacket la to be 
made. I describe them all as the jacket or case. 
Up to the present time our largest machines of this 
make have wooden lining inside as all the machines 
at first were mode. The frame round it has never 
been made of wood but of cast-iron. One of the 
objects that influouced me in improving on the 
Standard was, the weight of the jacket resting 
on the table below. Tho weight of the wood and 
iron composing my Excelsior jacket is from 6 to 
8 cwt., of which the woodwork would weigh about 
21 lb. The weight of the Standard jacket is 
about 1 cwt. 9 lb. I would explain that tho Standard 
(Ijooleoondnra) machine tokos a charge of 12,') lb. of 
leaf at a time and that the Excelsior takes 300 lb. 
We are comparing a small with a large machine. 
To increase tho Loolocondura machine to take 300 lb. 
would canse its present weight to bo increased twice 
or three times, and this increased weight would destroy 
tho under table in no time. When the Court 
resumed Mr. Jackson said he should like to make 
a little explanation with regard to part of his 
previous evidence. He was then asked whether 
tho letter “ B ’’ referred in any way to the iron (or 
brass as in tho model) frame, and he replied "No," but he 
wished now to say that he referred to the whole thing as 
being “B." Continuing his cross-examination ho said:— 
The power in my machines is transmitted through the 
pnlleys, through the shaft, through tho bevol-wheols 
and then through tho boss on the bevel-wheel to the 
crank-shafts, and through the jacket to the top surface. 
That is the driving mechanism. Tho motion- is con- 
voyed to the pulley (R) by moans of a bolt. The power 
is then taken through the driving shaft (Q in tho 
plan), then through the bevel-wheels (P and N), 
through tne cmnkyihaft (M, h and R), K, Ij, M being 
tho throe crank pins on tho said crank shaft- Tho 
crank-pin M is inserted in the boss of the 
bevel wheel marked N. The crank pin L trarasmits 
niotion to the lower rolling surface marked O. K 
is tho upper crank pin which transmits motion 
through tho case or jacket to the upper rolling 
surface. Asked what was the furthest object to 
which motion was given in the machine ho said: — It 
is diffioilt to say without seeing the full machine. 
My machine as a whole is a piece of mechanism. 
The crank pin L gives to the lower rolling surface 
C a reciprocating motion. If I remove the upper 
rolling surface of the Excelsior from its bearing I 
may then turn part of tho driving mechanism with- 
out moving the under rolling surface at all, or I may 
put tho driving mechanism in such a position 
that tho under surface will not move at 
all. The motion imparted to tho under rolling 
surface O is a reciprocating motion which 
is obtained by an unique crank-shaft which when 
disconnected from any of its bearings is utterly 
useless.— Is not the motion which this crank-pin 
gives to the lower rolling surface a circular motion, 
suppressed by tho^ lower rolling surface being borno 
in rectilinear guides ?— There can be no circular 
motion. It is purely a reciprocating motion. — Does 
a crank give anything but a circular motion ?— Tho 
crank-pin is doing otherwise just now. (The witness 
illustrated his answer by moving the model). Itismov* 
ing in straight lines revolving in its own axis. An 
uncontrolled crank pin travels round the crank in a 
radius in proportion lo tho size, but tho pin is revolving 
in its own axis. — Does it give a circular motion 
fiuppreftsed by tlioso guides, yea or no?— I cannot 
answer the question yes or no. I cannot be 
bullied into using words to suit opponents’ connsol. 
I say that the crank pin tmnsmits a reciprocating 
motion to the lower rolling surface. The motion 
which A (tho top rolling surface) receives is a reci- 
procating motion. A reciprocating motion is a niotion 
given in straight lines backwards and forwards. “A" 
has the same reciprocal motion as what I call the 
case or jacket has.— That reciprocating motion that 
“A” gets is a horizontal motion?— Horizontal when 
the wftciuuc itj chorgea with loaf. When (he 
