March i, 1892.] 
THE TROPICAL AQRICULTURIST 
657 
“ A ” roll a single leaf of tea ? — No single leaf of 
tea could have been rolled without “ A.” I’hat 
is the same as saying that no part of the leaf 
could be rolled unless the machine were com- 
plete. If 1 were to shut the bottom of tlio 
jacket holding the leaf so as to convert it into a 
box and set the machine at work it would not roll 
the leaf. 'I’he friction necesBary to impart a 
roller twist to the tea leaf is obtained in the 
Excelsior by two supeqioaed rolling surfaces, these 
two surfaces being made of a shape »o as to utilize 
as far as possiblo the friction given from the aurfaccB 
to the charge of leaf being operated on. The upper 
surface therefore not only is made heavy to give 
the necessary pressure on the leaf being rolled, but 
it will be seen from tlie drawing that it is 
hollowed out on the under side to make it act as the 
upper rolling Burfaco.— Is it more than a weight on 
the tea ?— It is a rolling surface.-- If the jacket were 
raised in height so as to contain a weight of tea 
equal to the weight of “A" would t!ie machine roll 
any tea?— The leaf would be partially rolled. It 
would not 1)0 a Buccessful tea rolling machine be- 
cause the charge of leaf in such a deep case could 
not get all turned over during the process of 
rolling. We are now substituting convex caps 
for tho concave ones. That is to ctToct better cir- 
culation of the leaf. In using the concave caps in 
the machine as patented I did not find that when 
tho lid was not occasionally raised the tea blocked 
in the box and stopped tlie working of the machine. 
Nor did I find that it stopped the partial rolling of 
tho tea. 1 never knew it doing so to such an extent 
that it actually stopped the motor power. Of course if 
the motive jiowor 18 not sufficient to drive tho machine 
when charged with leaf and the full pressure applied, 
1 could easily understand the whole thing stopping. 
vVould an IH ft. by *i ft. (> waterwheel give sumcient 
motive power wilK a plentiful supply of water? I 
could not say witliout trying the actual experiment or 
working out tho actual power of the wheel. The 
horsepower romiircd is in proportion to the 
pressure applied on the loaf, tho quantity of leaf in 
the macliino and the speed at which tho niacliino 
is driven. One horsepower will turn the macliine at 
a very slow speed. Ten horsepower would drive tho 
machine at an excessive speed if applied to it. Tlie 
words in our catalogue are “about 4 horsepower 
would drive the machine hut it is always desirable 
to liavo a good margin in motive power.” My object 
in suggesting that margin is based on the principle 
that if you give a horse a full load to pull on tlie 
streotevevy day you will soon kill tho iiorse. Tliesame 
thing will arise with an engine or other motor if it 
is too small or too light for the work. I have know’ii 
a nominal six-horsepower engine as made and supplied 
by Marshal), Sons A Co., England, running three of 
our Excelsiors in India; I have no actual expe- 
rience in Ceylon of how many machines one of 
these engines will drive. A nominal six-horsepower 
machine may develop an effective IS-horsepower or 
24 if you like. 8o tWt those throe Excelsior rollers 
you mentioned had from 5 to H effo(^tivo horse- 
power each to work them ? I did not say tliat tho 
engine was not doing other work. I cannot tlierc- 
fore say what effective horsepower was imparted to 
each of tho rollers. I should say between and 5 
horsepower in proportion to the work being done. 
^I’ho horsopower required depends upon the size of the 
imuihiiio, its coiistnictiou, and length of stroke. I have 
soon several of Mr. Brown’s machines at work and 
so fur as I know they arc imifonnTn size. I really can 
not give tho power for them any more than I can give 
the power for my own machine. In tliis connection 
I would like to explain that the triple-action roller 
IS about equivalent in size to our Universal or second 
size Excelsior, and I should say at a guoss takes tho 
same pow'er to drive it. Have you kiiowTi instances 
whore estates have sold off your machine and re- 
placed thorn by defendants ? I know of one estate 
in which throe of our Excelsiors were not sold hut 
ermoved to another estate belonging to tho same 
Company I have not ascertained tho reason for 
that, although I have an idea. Was the vertical 
miiQu of “ A " first applied by you in the Excelsior 
to tea rolling machinery? Does this question refer 
to (Ceylon or all over tho world ? It refers to an 
answer in Jackson v. Kerr. Mr. Jackson— I was 
the first to use free vortiital movement to tho upper 
rolling surface free from the mechanism operating 
it. Had Kiiimond in 1877 patented a machine in 
which the upper table had a traversing motion 
and vortical motion and descended automatically 
vithin the jacket surrounding it? He has in 
India. 1 cannot define free vertical motion 
as a principle. There is nothing new in 
principle discovered now-a-days or very seldom dis- 
covered. Is it a principle or is it not? It maybe a 
principle. I will admit for argument’s sake that it is 
a principle. I am aware that a patent cannot bo 
obtained for a principle. Is not free vertical motion 
of tho upper rolling surface the object of your patent 
and the driving of the upper rolling aui’faco by the 
jacket tho means of obtaining it ? My claim is 
“tho arrangement of transmitting motion Ac.” 
[IS in my specification, slopping at the W’ords 
“ surrounding it.” The free vertical motion to 
the ton rolling surface is permitted by the arrange- 
ment described in the claim. Why did you take the 
trouble to specify one of the results*? I cannot 
give any reason beyond this that the claim 
js clear and distinct and one of the results is given 
I drive my jacket directly from the driving mechanism* 
The jacket is a part driven right from tho crank 
pin or throiigl. the crank pin. The driving median. 
iHin of the hxcelsior roller may be said to end at 
tho upper crank pm “K ' which transmits the motion 
to the top rolling surface "A." It may therefore bo 
said that the jacket is really not any part of the 
driving mechanism, but is 'a part ({riven by the 
mechanism. Do you claim to have patented the 
usual means of converting circular into reciprocating 
motion ? Mr. Jackson— 1 object to the (juestion on 
the ground that an importer is deemed an inventor 
in Ceylon. I therefore cannot disclose what I may 
or may not have patented. 
Mr ■HRowNF.:-Oh I am referring to the Excelsior. 
Mr. Jackson.- That s a different thing. With 
to that I refer to my third claim i.f the speeXa 
tion. And does it-the third claim-patent the usual 
means of converting circular into recinroeatimr 
If it (lid that, sir, 1 would not have takeront al^te t nr 
applied for one. 1 applied for a pSen7tr’ an 
arrangement, new at the time, for doing so. T1 mt was 
part of the invention deserihod in ,„y HpecificatToii 
and illustrated by the drawing. ^ ^ ncatioii 
Tn reply to his counsel Mr.’ .faokson said --The 
jacket of my Excelsior is the last part of my machine 
direcUv moved by the driving mechanism. Its office 
13 to keep tho upper rolling surface in position and 
cany it with it. Keally that is the invention which 
I claim. Free vertical movement is one of the 
nhjocts I had in view in making the inven 
tion but it is not the subject It u 
by detaching the driving moclinnism from the 
upper rolling surface of the Standard and attarliW 
It to the jacket in tho Excelsior that I § 
the upper rolling surface so as to alow U 
free vertical motion under control Vnrtlcsi ‘ 
is part of a process rather thsn 
In my model here of the Excelsior 
lining of the jacket is carried down nn«t wooden 
frame just short of contact with the loSering^rolling 
surface. If I took away the woodon Iffiing tK^ 
charge of loaf or part of it would escape. ^'(Mr 
AVithors.-riien yiiu would have to change tho namo 
of your maiihi lie to a " tea waster " instead of a 
tea-roller. ) lo hold a largo charge of loaf during 
operatnin and receive tlie energy communicated to 
It for the pnrposes it is intended to servo mv iarkef 
of course ought to ..."ii n™ — i — y^jacset 
In the Rxce' 
bow through 
sc onglit to ho well braced up and^CIw 
Excelsior machine I was tho first to use a 
■ough^ which _a guiding rodwaspasse'd. wW? 
.. ea.a.Mg 'eu was passed, which 
guiding rod is used in the Excelsior for tho linv^ " 
of raising and lowering the snrfaco ‘'A”^w^thiu 
raising and lowering the stirface 
the jacket *• H.” I could raise the surface “ A ■■ 
as to enable me to food the loaf iin^» ,, 
coulil see the leaf being operated oii''1hc”*’'’'y'' ^ 
hopper which enabled me to charge 
Tlfe bow in tho 
