THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
[March i, 1892 . 
6sS 
model and as made in the machines we supply carries 
the central spindle which acts as a transmitter of 
vertical movement and a guiding rod. The size of 
this spindle is a mere question of degree. It could 
readily bo made twice or three times its diameter 
within the meaning of my specification and drawings, 
in which case the upper rolling surface *• A" if 
made the least thing smaller on the sides would 
become a driving rod as well as for the other pur- 
poses stated. In the triple action rolling machine we 
have a bow similarly attached to the jacket as in 
the Excelsior. This bow permits of free vertical 
movement to the top rolling surface for the same 
purposes as explained in tlie Excelsior machine. 
The central spindle is made somewhat thicker 
and stronger than in the Excelsior, is carried by tlie 
bow in proportionately enlarged bearings. A small 
piece is taken off the outer edge of the rolling 
surface, consequently freeing such rolling surface 
from actual contact with the jacket. The central 
spindle therefore serves in this case the double pur- 
pose of carrying the top rolling surface in the same 
path with tne jacket, which is practically the same 
thing as done in the Excelsior, The jacket of tlie 
triple action machine is carried on two crank pins 
which support the jacket in the same way as a 
beam and scale is supported in the centre. If those 
outriggers or horn-plates, or bearings as I call them 
were taken away there would bo nothing to prevent 
the upper surface getting off its horizontal path, 
in a similar way with reference to the Excelsior 
the jacket or upper surface is supported in the centre 
at ono side. To obtain a true horizontal jiath of 
the upper surface T use two horn-plates or bearings. 
The object obtained by the use of the honi-plates 
or bearings in the triple-action machine is equivalent 
to what I use in my Excelsior. In the Excelsior 
roller there is a vertical crank shaft at ono side 
of the machine. In the defendant’s machine there 
is the same thing. In the Excelsior roller the upper 
pin of the crank shaft is coupled direct to the 
jacket. In defendant's machine it in precisely the 
same thing. In the Excelsior machine the surface 
“A” has a traversing motion over the lower surface 
exactly the saiSo as the jacket siiiToiinding it. In 
defendants' machine it is precisely tlio same thing. 
If I moved the upper crank-pin from its connection 
with the jacket in defendants’ machine, the upper 
rolling surface would not operate. I took out my 
patent for the Standard some six to seven years 
before the litigation with Kinmond who sought to 
have my patent revoked because it comprised an 
invention of his (Kinniond’s). I was in London during 
all that litigation. I did not advise it and I objected 
to it. The Loolocondiira Standard is the only ono 
ever supplied to Ceylon. I was not aware of tho 
oxistonco of that name plate on the Loolecondura 
machine until tho models wore brought into tho 
Court, the machines being sold direct by the manu- 
facturers in England. I discovered tho existence of 
this name-plate by observing in Court the word 
“ Kinmond " inscribod on the defendants' model. 
I then ascertained on enquiry that this Loolecoiidra 
machine had this uanio-plate. The model Standard 
now in Court was made by Marshall, Sons A Co. 
Gainsborough, soon after my patent was taken out 
in India and before tho litigation with Mr. 
Kinmoiii It was exhibited at the Taris Ex- 
hibition and that was its first journey from 
England. The inscription appearing on the model 
Standard here I nave never thought of re- 
moving or altering in any way. 'The patent nmn- 
bor on it is my India patent nnmber. Mr. Jack- 
son afterwards proceeded to explain that the hop- 
Dor in his niachiuo served also the purpose of a 
Ventilator. In tho Standard there was scarcely any 
ventilation, this want of ventilation being remedied 
in tho new arrangement embodied in the bixcelsior. 
Bv Mr Buowhk.— There was nothing said about 
ventilation in tbe specification. With regard to the 
defendants’ machine there may bo improved ventila- 
tion or otherwise in proportion to tho amount of space 
cut away. Although tho hopper is not named as a 
ventilator in my specification the improved ventila- 
tion obtained in tho ExceUioi was very quickly dis- 
covered. ^ During my present visit to Ceylon I have 
been advising that the caps in the Kxcelsior should be 
ventilated, there being nothing new or patentable 
over wliat had been discloRcd in tho Excelsior. I 
have taken two and a half inches off tho enter edge 
of tho rolling surface extending to within a few in- 
ches of the four corners of tho top rolling surface “A.” 
I have also advised that top rolling surface “A” 
uhould as far as possible be made a perforated 
plate throughout. 
Mr. ■VValteh Lamont of Messrs. Walker, Sons A Co., 
Ltd., was then examined: — I am a mechanical engi- 
neer and served my apprenticeship in the establi^- 
mon of John Lawson A Co., mechanical onginoera. 
Glasgow. I was a little over five years with them. 
1 went aft^warda to Lees. Anderson A Co. marine 
engineers, Glasgow. I was in their drawing office for 
about two years. After leaving thorn I went to Messrs 
Carruthers A Alley Glasgow. There I was engaged 
in designing machine tools, engines Ac. I was there 
for about two years. I came to Ceylon in 1872 os an 
engineer to John Walker & Co., Kandy. I am still 
witn the company. For about 8 years I was con- 
stantlv travelling about estates in (’oylon erecting 
estate machinery. The first tea-roller that I re- 
niemhcr of was imported by my firm about 1877. Jt 
consisted of three fluted rollers working two under- 
neath and one on top like a mangle, and the tea to 
be rolled in it was put into a hag. The pressure of 
the upper rollers as it turned round rolled the loaf 
in the bag. About 1H77 was about the conunenconiont 
of tbe tea industry in Ceylon. That kind of machine 
I liave de.scribed was not asuccess and was sent back 
again. There were several bag-rolling machines in 
use about 1879. Tbe first tea-rolling machine which 
was brought into Ceylon in which the tea was 
rolled inside a jaeket was the Loolecondra estate 
Standard. That, I tliiuk, was in 1879. I saw it 
shortly after it was erected. Tho model exhibited 
is au accurate model of the Standard. The 
Staudard is tho ouly. one of its kind that I 
bftve fcen in Ceylon. In 1881 I became manager of 
the Colombo Ironworks and in that year my firm 
imported the first of Mr. Jackson’s maebinos cabed 
the UoiverRol roller which is merely a smaller 
edition of the Excelsior. That Universal was sent 
up to Windsor Forest estate. Shortly after that my 
firm were appointed Mr. Jackson's agents in Ceylon 
for biH maohincs. Our firm has manufactured about 
SMO of the Economic roller and imported about 3(X). 
Of the Excelsior clnss we have manufactured about 
20 I shouid think, and we have imported about 120. Of 
Mr. Jackson’s machines embodying the principle of the 
ExceLior wo hare manufactured and imported about 
800 altogether. In 18H1 before this patent was taken 
out the most advanced kind of roller in Oeylon was 
the Standard. He then pointed ont the oorrespoud- 
ing parts in tho Standard and Excelsior and 
the difference in the method of driving the top 
surfaces. In tho Standard machine the upper rolling 
surface is the driven surface and is connected direct 
to the ornnk-shaft through a connecting rod. In 
tbe Excelsior the jacket is connected to tho crank- 
shaft, and has the surface A free to vertical move- 
ment.* Before the Excelsior was patentrd I bad 
not seen in Ceyhm any tea roller in which the 
driving mecbaciism wati attached to tbe javket 
direct, and carried the upper surface with it. 
Tbe reverse is the case in the Standard, Before 
tbe Excelsior there wiis no maohine in Oeylon in which 
the upper turfRoe was free to vertical movement. 
Could a prnotical workman with the Standard be- 
fore him as a model construct the Excelsior without 
using bis inventive fsonltios as distinguished from 
hie faculties as a mecbaniciau? No, One of the advan- 
tages in the Excelsior machioo is that it is much 
more get-at-able.'’ The leaf is easily fed into the 
machine and there is no danger or not so much 
danger to the attendant fredugit as in the Stan- 
dard. The case or jacket is off the lower table in 
the Excelsior, that there is less friction in 
driving and the oil used in lubricating the 
machine is kept clear from the rolling surface. 
our would be economised io the Exoehior, It would 
