March i, 1892.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
667 
oommOD between two things whicli tried to 
attain one result, ami the infringement only consisted 
in one man robbing tbe other of the particular 
motliod whioli that man's mind liad diacovrreri 
to sttiiiii the partieiilsr result. The question for 
His Poni’ur to decide hire was whether there 
had been that piracy on the part of Mr. Browne — 
wlielher he had in scy nay robbed Mr. Jeckeon 
of the frnit of his iudiistry and thought by adopting 
the process for which he h d obtained a patent. Ha 
then referred the Judge to the case of Curtis and 
that rrportcd to the Timex Ijrw Reports, Good. 
Five’s Patent Cases in 3, Law Reports (Chancer 
Division) and I Law Kepotts (Honse ot Lords). As we 
read that case what it laid down was that where an 
invention consist'd of a particular means of attain- 
ing a known result the invention oi other means to 
attain that same known result was not an in- 
fringement. Applying that principle to this case 
whai tbe Judge had to d'cide was whefhet Brown 
had employed th" same means as Jackson to attain the 
known lesult. Ho also referred to the case of 
Bovili, II Eich' quer, a summary of which was given 
bv Elmojd and wbicii was on all fours with this case. 
The next case he quoted was that of the Automatic 
Weighing Mach no Co., v Kniglit, F.O.H., also referred 
to bv E 'raond; and also > nshinandand GroenerfGriflia’s 
Patent Cases), and Gnswell and Bi'hop. These were 
the special an borittes liewiehed to pot before the 
Const, ami as showing the prii.clplc which always 
guided Judges in these eases ho might refer to 
Crosslev r. Potter in McKorie’s Patent Cases, namely 
confining the patentee to the strict words of his 
spocifioation and .to the strict d' scription of the 
particular invenlion which ho claimed as his 
own, so that other improvements might not bo 
obstructed and other ingei ious and enterprising mem- 
bers of the community might oiatinotly know what 
they were prohibited from doing. The guiding prin- 
ciple of courts had been to protect that particnlar 
form of property wit ch a man made hia own by 
patent but at the same time not to make that a sort 
of aiomhUngblock in tlia way of future improve- 
ments and iuvcutii ns. He submitted that the means 
by which the machines in this case arrived at the 
known result wore totally differ, nt. 
EVIDENCE FOR THE DEFENCE. 
IMr. John Bkown examined by Mr. Dodweil Browne 
deposed:— I was brought up as a C. E. I had a 
great deal of work to do in engineoriitg. Besides 
aty experience in civil engineering 1 Itad to do with 
railways, being assistant to Mr. Oilrb on the AberdcSii 
Railway. That was about IH-ll-l.') and about lK4li 
and 1H47 I was employed try the faniona liouso of 
Miller, lli'I, George St., Edinburgh,— in their Edin- 
burgh and London officoa— who made about one-half 
of the railways in Scotland, in Id-td 1 came to 
Ceylon. I came out entirely for englnooring work otigi- 
Iiafly and liave continnonslv had to do with meclianical 
engineering since then. I was for six years engaged 
erecting wnat was known as the Kajawolla AVator- 
works. In coffee macliinery I tliink I effected nearly 
all the improvements of any importance which wore 
ever effected upon it. T also have the credit of being 
tile autiiorof “Drying coffee by heated air ’’ — the only 
roceas that was ever found successful ; _ in fact 
oaiccating it. I took up the practice of aerial tram- 
ways now established in the llva country in Ceylon, 
which have proved a great succoss. I designed the 
triple-action roller. I did not patent it myself in 
Ceylon, hut I made my son a present of it. 1 first 
directed my attention to toa roiling machinery about 
IRtiSorlHCiG. That wasinijondou. There was no toa in 
Ceylon then tliat I knew of. Between 1H4H and 
1R(!5 I first saw Kinmond’a machine in London — a 
full size machine. Practically it had all the com- 
ponent parts, tliough not lully developed of the 
Standard, a model of whicli 1 soo in court. I first 
saw tho Excelsior roller in iHS.'r or ISHli ; that was 
full size and in Ceylon. I had began to design tea 
rollers after seeing that one of Kimuond'a in London, 
lu Ibbl I had ibawiuga of tho Uiplo-actiou hut 
they were not anytliing like complete. About IRIifi 
Mr.Williamson one of the pioneers of tea in India had 
spoken to me to see ifl conldnot as-sisthimin tea machi- 
nery. The completed triple-action roller was brought 
out in IHfiS. I'raotioally I had the idea of tea-rolling 
machinery since ISfili. It took me about tliree years 
to see how I could drive the upper rolling surface— 
to give it rotatory motion revolving on its own axis. 
In tho end I gave it the rotatory motion by seeing 
that tho crank pin if extended had the same motion 
that I required for the upper rolling surface. It hod 
the same rotatory and circnlar motions. When I 
completed my designs for the triple-action roller 
T was well acquainted witli .Jackson’s Excelsior. 
The first time I saw .lackson's specification of the 
Excelsior was j think in IHill. When I saw .lackson's 
machine first at work on the estates I thought it was 
wrongfully designed to make a good lea roller. I took 
particular exception to tho method of driving the upper 
rolling surface Irecanse it limits its horizontal motion 
to that imparted to the case or jacket. I also took 
exception to tho mochiuiism as being wostoful of power 
and difficult to arrange. It was my idea that the 
horizontal motions of the top rolling surface and tho 
case or jacket lioiiig identical, was a mistake. Tlic 
fixed upper rolling siirfaco holding tlie loaf under 
pressure prevents the maoliiiie from performing its 
functions. If chojgcd with loaf and a hard rolling 
f irosBiire applied tlie cliarge will not circulate in tlio 
lox, tho top of the charge being held by tho station- 
ary lid or iqipor roliing surface. I have often 
seen the Excelsior working, and tho effect of what 
I have been saying is that it is necessary to raise 
the upper rolling surface from time to time to 
allow the cliarge to be broken up. If tho lid is rapidly 
raised after rolling under pressure for some time a 
print (an impression) of the underside of the upper 
roliing suface will be seen on the top of the charge, 
proving that the leaf or charge did not move or 
circulate under the stationary lid. In fact tho machine 
has no lop rolling surface. That is not the case in my 
triple-action roller ; it lias totally different motions. 
The top rolling surface in it is continually 
cliangiiig its position both horizontally and 
vertrically and it would thoreforo be impossible 
for it to leave a print on the charge— horizontally 
giving forth circular and rotatory ■motion. Tlie 
mochaiiism of tho triple-action is as follows: Gne 
of tho two pairs of crank shafts arc driven by a 
pair of bevel wheels, and tho two opposing cranks on 
each shaft are connected by strong castings, termed 
connecting rods. Ho showed on the model what were 
the connecting rods, and said everything connecting 
crunk pins are connecting rods; it did not signify 
in wliat form or shape, Tho one connecting rod will 
not move without the other. Tliat is the mechanism 
as regards the case or jacket or lower rolling surface. Ah 
regards the upper rolling surface the mochanism of it 
is that the connecting rod imparts circular motion 
tlirough tho double how bracket which carries two 
hearings; the bearings impart circular motion to 
the spindle, to tlie lower end of which is attached 
tho upper rolling surface. Tho upper end of tho 
spindio is attached to the lover which regulates its 
vertical iiioveiiient. Between the bows of the bracket 
is a pulley driven by a belt from another pulley 
carried on the extension of tho upper crank pin of 
the driven crank shaft ; the belt connecting the two 
pulleys imparts circular motion to the upper rolling 
Biirtoce throng 1 tlie spindle, I claim that my upper 
roller is not free as regards vortical motion 
from tho mechanism operating it. 'I'hrougli tho 
apiiidle I convoy all tho niovemeiits wliich tho upper 
rolling surface possesses, lioth liorizontal and vortical, 
and no part of the upper rolling surface or any of 
its adjuncts comes into contact with the case or 
jacket in any way whatsoever. If it did come into 
contact with the case oi jiia-kot I could not drive it; 
it would cause so great friction tliat it would prac- 
tically not bo a working niachine. By removing 
from tlie model of my triple-action roller as I 
now do all above tho lower rolling surface I leave 
in ttio model only tho lower connecting rod 
with the lower table resting upon it, and 
also tlio horupltUoB w slitlobaiq which simply 
