March i, .1892.] 
THE TROPICAL AQRICULTURIST. 
67s 
taimd in London, Uerm&D factories purchased 162,010 
kilos, quinine during the year— in other words, they 
would make 6,750,000oz. of the 8,200 ,(.H)Uoz. of quinine 
forming iha ivHal supply^ihftt is, 70 per Cfiit. This 
total dues not molude the direct supplies of hark from 
the Boekawana and Dj'ijagiri plautaoon^ iu Java con- 
signs i to Brunswick. As already annoiiuc d, these are 
now anout to be stoppe I* Ii mny cause considerable 
surprise, but the blatemeut seem’*, nevertheless, well 
founded, that the total ounsamptiou of quinine in 
Germany does not now average over 8,000 kilos, or 
200,000 oz., so that at least 05 per cent of the tu a' 
Gt-rman quinine-pfodaoiion is exported. Tho consump- 
tion of quiniue iu Germany ba'' for several yturs been 
seriously on the diorease, a circuiustancc attributed to 
tho peraUteucy with which sundry new ontipyrotios are 
advertised iu that ce 'utry. The Germ <n factories oom> 
plain i^reatiy that, in spile of the reduced value of cin- 
chona bark, thertiiiway tarilfs for this article have not 
boon lowered, an i are about double those of lanuing 
barks, the iiitrinsio vhIuh of some of which is Hctuslly 
greater lhau that of cinchona. The sio^k in Amster- 
dam at the nud of the year was 5,279 packat'es (of which 
2,281 were Government bark). The average ptoporiion 
of quinine (sulphate) in the bark sold in Amaterdttui 
last year was 4 08 per cent, a;;ain6t 4'00 iu IB90 and 4' 12 
per cent in I8c9. among the barks oiferecl iu 
Amsterdam last year no less thsu 1,000.000 kilos, or 
aearly two'sevenths, contained less than 3 per cent 
quinine. The Javaplanters aro strongly advised not to 
harvest such bark in thu tutuie, or, if it must be taken 
off the trco->, to burn it upon the planUition rather than 
ship it^^CheTnint and J)nigtlint^ Jnu. IGih, 
CHINA TEAS IN THE SEVENTEENTH 
CENTURY. 
lf*‘ you want to have,” say.s the prooouncemeDt of 
Sir Audrt'w Clark which has latdy lifted up thebeaitB 
of despouiient chaaszeeB, *Mea which will nut injure 
and which will refresh, got black China tea, put* 
ting in Ihtt right moa^uro — mo old-ta'*hiouoJ teaspoon- 
ful fi»r each perhou and one for thf blo^S'.Mi p 't. Then 
pour ou briskly boiling wator, and withiu five minuios 
you mu.Ht pour it off again, or it will bcounie wicked 
inaiead of good. ’ Thus summing up the experience 
of two centuries and his own, as to the virlut-s of 
thea JSohea Sir Andrew Lade his tiearors beware of the 
imerloping, uervo-Jestroyiug Indian plant —advice 
which, if they are wise, shonld cheer but not iuebriate 
Foiiohoiv. While we wait to mark 
the effect of his moat excellent bravewordsonUlin- 
ciiig Lane, it instructive to uirn back 
o the begiuuiiig of tho.se two centuries, and see in 
what ligtiC ten w.is reguraeJ by the priuinval teamen, 
Its first introducers to the West. M^ny of their 
judgments have been collected for us by their con- 
temporary NieuUof, whom Oeilby a few years Utcr 
translated by folios. This is the result of the obser- 
vatiuna aud experini' nb» of o <6 Athauaams ICircher 
“Tiler, irt a plant called c/m, which not being able 
to contain itself within the boumlarien of (’hiiia bath 
iusinuato i Europe, The ieaf being boiled 
and il)fu^ed iu water the Chinese drink very Lot us 
often ax fboy please. It is of a diuret'ck i'aculiy, mu h 
toftifiea the atoiuach, exhiUrates ihe spirits, nod 
Wonderfully npcneih all the nephritic pji'>Hgc8 orrein . 
It frejih the head by siirpissuig ot fuliginous vapors, 
BO that it is a uion excedent drink for stu■lio^^ and 
po sons, u) quicken them in their uperations. 
Albeit at the tir.-t it menieth in-ipid and biiter ye- 
custom makes it ploiisaut, and thouih tha Turkish 
Cottle H said to produce tho iiko * ffeet, ami tbA 
. . '**®*’** chocoUto be HI. other excellent drink, yet l\», 
J the beat, very much excolb-th them, becinse cho- 
colate in hot seasons iuflametli the blood more tbun 
ft'id ci lfev a.;itatcth cholor; hut this liquor 
'Tu * ’**®®® hiih one and the Hunia effect.'' 
Ihe members of the Dutch Embassy of 1655 fi boro 
similar testimony, ’‘^uch,*’ they noted in their 
‘ary, ** e.sp, eially find th® benefit thereof who have 
iheir Stomachs with eating, or disoom- 
posed their brains with too much sttoug drink : lor 
it is a very great drier of gross Humours, and dispels 
Vapors uccasioiiiug sleep. It strengtbeus the Memory, but 
incroases G«li if drunk iu too great quantity. In brief, 
ibt-y extol the virtucB of this drink intiaitely, and attri* 
buto tlieir not having the Stone or Goat to this (as 
they term it) Most y able Drink ; which we may be- 
lieve tha rather, because iu all our Journey forward 
amHackward we met with none that were afilicted 
with these distempers.^ 
A latter writer, commeutiDg on tea after its io- 
trnduoti >u into Karope, is equally enthusiasiic : 
“ To drink it after meals takes away all indigestion 
anti rawness of the stomach, aud causes digestion, 
mskei those that are inebriated sober and roAtores 
them fresh power aud senses, removes giddiness and 
pains of the head occasioned qy excess of drink, aud 
tbey Out are called upon to vi^ilancy, by drinking 
the same txpei thoir drowsiness and become very 
vigorous and fit for budiuess. It prolongs life also, 
for ifi s tho sight, and is commended by the famous 
physician N cholaus Tuip for whoiesomest plant 
that grows.” They did not then beliovo in the ** slow 
poison ” theory. B ,t there was (Sir Andrew Clark 
might anewtr) no Indian tea in those Lays. 
An impres'ioii which even the twenty-years- 
in-thc-couQtry 8p> ak-ihe*languago men imbibe is 
ru lely dispelled by these early Orders, tho 
impression, to wit, that the Chinese do not 
take, and never have taken milk or sugar with 
their toa. The Dutch Ambaasitlors went to call 
on “ the Tnird Governor” of Nanking, or rather he 
BHnt fur lh« m. His aifo, by the way, was with him,— 
“ a bold virago,” tbn Dutchmen call her. The ruom 
was presently filled with Tartar gentlewomen, who 
bid <nged to ami waited on this lady, and brought a 
gif'ut silver kettle 1‘nll of Thca^ mingled with milk 
aud B.alt, placing it iu tho middle of the chamber 
and Eerviug it woudeti ladles to all the company,” 
Of oourho It will bf objected that the.so Mauohu d*m«8 
were but following the Mongol fashion of brickiea aud 
but .er ; and oth n writers in Ogdby’s collectious pla nly 
decUre that ‘’tome Chinese pr‘^pare it with milk, 
and a little silt mingled with water, though, to be 
sure, tbey add ” this is not so well approved ” as the 
orthodox m<.;thod. That method is uot quite Bir 
Andrew Olark’a. but approximates to it. Tho Japan- 
tiers, it woild seem, beat the licaves to a powder aud 
mingle it with boiliug water iu a cup, which they 
afterwards drink otf. But tlie Ohiuese put the Loaves 
wbids iuto a p< t of boiling water, which having la u 
iu bvep for acme time thvy sip oil hot without swallow- 
iug down any of the Leaves, but only the Quuiiitei- 
fccuce iherool extracted. 
“ Lord Tu p” it appears is responsible for the state- 
ment that ‘‘the Ch.ii.'se boyi the loaves with a little 
salt and sugar to take away the bittejuoss,” but the 
also admitn that thhy “ put a Handful of '/’Ac leaves 
iua piut-pot, then p jur it full of scaUhn^ water, and 
ahoui two or three mimut-H after drink the some very 
Lot." Modern Ohiueao by the way do not always con- 
form to this list most salutary, aud it we may lo Kpeak 
Clartcly system but often brew fcbeir ‘piiu-pot^ 
of tea iu the moiuiug, and leave it to stew through 
ihH day, taking toll of it every half hour or so. They 
ileclxro that the prsotice is harmless, because they 
do not, like the wasteful foreiguor, crowd in the 
tfca- eaves. 0ns Kpo -ufuJ sufiioes for the family, 
bead-^ are not oouuted, and there are no tender 
leHiui^H towards “the blosed spot.*’— -V. (\ Herald. 
WHAT FARMING IS COMING TO. 
AN AMICHICAN 1>KKAM OV TIIK FUTUKK. 
In the Seio Hwjhtnd Mat/azhie for November, Mr. 
C. B. Plumb, vice-director of the Purdue Uni- 
versity Agricultural Experiment Station, imblislios 
a fanciful paper. It describes the future of agri- 
culture, an account ol which he places in the 
nioutii of a tlirector of an Indiana experiment 
station delivered in the year 2,000 as a telephonic 
lecture to tlie studentsof tlie National Agroiiomio 
University of France. 
