April i, 1892.] 
IHP TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST, 
761 
with coffee and all kinds of native fruit trees uear 
Baut Oajah ; and at Butu Qajnli, Father Allard, the 
Homan Catholic priest, baa a Urge acreage of laud 
cultivated by bia ChintMe convcrtH. 
Tho railway from Tduk Anson to Ipoh runs 
through tlie Kin' a Valley, and wll, when completed, 
enable the fine land towards tho Sim bills to be 
openi up Bnute Gsjah is also oonnecced with Taping 
by u fioo metaled cart road and the .land betwien 
Kamuuiug estate and Ipho is all euitatle for tho boc* 
cessfu! cultivation of coffee, cardmons, cocoa, tia, and 
especially Liberian coffee, as along this road times cne 
hills are to betouud in groat number. 
Lower I’orak is a district very much like Krian in 
many ways; it is almost devoid of hills, and the soil 
is of the same naturo. All round Teiuk Anson land 
has been lot out in email blocks to ThiuII immigrants, 
who now h'ive very vuluablo littlo gardens, planted 
with fruit trees of dilftreut kinds, and tapioca, saso, 
ko. A cart road is uow leiug couetrocted to open up 
the land lying beyond (Jhangkat .long, which is of very 
line free soil, in which almost anylhiog grows luxuri- 
antly. Some very fioo nutmeg trees can be seen here 
((uite free from disease, and bearing very heavily. 
Huiigei S’tiawan is a Urge eet looieut of Javanese, m 
the Lower Perak district, and here nilam or patoh- 
ouU is grown in very large quautitics. IVpper, cotfeo 
and tapioca are also growu here with very good sue* 
cess, fome of the peppor having been produced 
to be as Ace as any grown iu tho ti'atc. Land 
is being given out hero every day to new iminigranta, 
and before lung the wholo of the land between 
Sufgei S’tiawu nnd Passir PanjsDg will be under 
cultivation 
Transport in tbe ( ountry is very easy , cither byroad 
or river, aod in three years tbe Kiuta Vulloy Haliway 
will be a mears of transport for any estates opened 
iu tho Kinta Tapah, nnd Peluk Anboii districts. 
GoTd metaled ca't roads open up the bos-t land nnd 
traverse nearly the whole state, besides there betug 
many elephant paths through tiie thicker jungle (oworis 
Upptr Perak, 
The labour used is mo.-tly Tamil, and although the 
rates of pay are rather higher at present, there 
is every prospect of laLoor becoming cheap and plenti- 
ful. Tho Qovernmeut now rule that all oontractors 
for largo pnblic works mnst import at least 60 per 
cent of their labour, and this brings a Urge number of 
coo’ies to tbe oonulry. Felling aud clearing work is done 
by the Malays, who arc gro 1 moa nt jungle work. Every 
inducement will be given to eccurge planlers to take up 
laud in Perak, and already s^Vfral large blocks of land 
have been cloven by Ceylon planters. — l‘erak Hand' 
Hook, 1892. 
BAltK AND DRUG REPORT. 
(From the CUemist and Dmygist.) 
London, Feb. 10. 
Cinchona.— T he auctions held ou Tuesday were rathei 
Blight, the total weight of tho bark offered being abou' 
^0 tons, composed as follows: — 
riiga. Pkgs. 
Ceylon 
East Indian 
Java 
South American 
African (West Coasts 
8H9 of which 860 wore sold 
760 do (il9 do 
H9 do . 149 do 
312 do 166 do 
10 do — do 
Total 2,110 do 1,770 do 
Jho comretition was good throughout the sales, an< 
iho market remains very firm, nlthough tho advance 
occasioually imid over the last auctions woie bo sligh 
5*8 to be practically unquotable. The unit average 
* u’i Ud per 11 >. 
i,„ following arc the approximate quantities purchase' 
a” principal buyers Lbs 
Agents for the iirunswiok works .... 
^“Auheim and Amsterdam works 
Frankfort o/M. and Stuttgart works 
"»e‘» 8 r 0 . Howards & tioiis 
Italian and American works .... 
Auorbach works 
oundry druggists 
Total qnautity of bark sold 
Bouglit in or withdrawn 
Total quantity of bark offered 
106,471 
70,811 
66,483 
37,819 
16,975 
16.320 
418,500 
73,480 
lOliOSO 
Ifeasrs. Lewis * Post review the position ofciuchone 
bark ana quinine ns fellows :-AlihouHh tho sdvlces by 
wire show n large falling off in Java bark shipniontafor 
December and January, it is probable that, unless arti- 
ficial reBtraints are enf reed, snppliea from Java will 
continue very large ior this and tho next year or two. 
I’eylon shipments will probably again .how a falling off 
fur isiifi, while we leek to see those from India nnd Bolivia 
fully maintained. The Iraporta Into Lon on during 1S91 
Bhowed a decrease of about 1,800 pnehages, the lalling 
off being nlmoat entirely iu Ceylon barks. East India — 
Imports ot Wyuaad and Nilgiri show an increase of 
nearly 2,000.000 lb.— via., 4,800,000 lb-, against 3,000, &8S 
Ib. in 1890. Tho average price obtained during isni was 
3ja per lb. Bolivian.— Tho qualliy ' ronght forward was 
rather better th n in the previous year, and met a ready 
sale when importer, accepted market values. Central 
American.- The imports have again been insignificant 
current ratoa being prohibitory. West feast African.— 
7B6 bales, weighing 97,000 lb., chiefly druggists descrip- 
tions have been offetcii nnd sold at from 2jd tu «d iwr 
ib. Jamaica.— Nothing offered of any note. Darjeeling 
-190 bales, weighing 21,000 lb., mostly old import, were 
offend and sold ot auolion from I jd to ij'dperlb. Ceylon. 
—During the past year 21,276 't.ales, weighing ,8,34S,ooo 
lb. were offered, of which 18.683 bales, weighing 4,8.30,950 
Ib. wore sold: against 30,113 bales, weighing 7,745,285 lb. 
nffered, and 2.3,862 bales, weighing o,.36».63o lb. sold in 1880 
Tho average price obtained for Ceylon bntka during IHUl 
was 2:d per lb. 
ijni.siNE.- Towards the end of lost week a sale of 
lO.uoo 02 of Brnnswioii quluino at U'Jd to loid per oa 
spot was roporto.i. Since then the market has gone dnll 
and lower, and today it is said 4,000 02 second-hand 
have sold at lod per 02 . There are further sellers at 
tliat_ iigare. The following notes are taken from Messes, 
Lewis * Peat’s annual review of quinine The sale 
and rasslcB of quinine iu Mincing Lone over 1891 (partly 
for export, but chiefly oh speculation) show a markod 
falling-off when compoted with 1800. We oetluiafe ihom 
at about 2 i millions of oniices. against ahoat Sj millicns 
in the provious year. The Bhipnionta from Kurope to 
America have also decreased, and we estimate them— 
including quinine in bark to mauutactnrers -at rather 
under 4 millions of onnoes, against 4S millions in 1890. 
3 he total quinine contents of barks that liavo p.iB 8 od 
into tho bands of maunfaotnrers during ihe year we 
estimate at r thcr nndcr 0 million onnoes, as against 9 ^ 
millions in 1890. I'his is to some extent accouuied for 
by the fact that one largo factory on tho Ooulinrut has 
Busiioniled working for the pgst six months. Wlthsnch 
figures ns those it is difiJouit to recognise tbe possibility 
of oousnuiptiou over the world having iuoreasod to such 
an abnormal extent over the piisl two years as to have 
oooaeioiied tho malorial reduction of tho excessive stock 
in second-hands which is currently reported. Wo estimate 
the Quinine contents of the Loudon aud Amsterdam stooka 
of bark at about 6 million ounces-'’ 
NOTES ON POPULAB SCIENCE. 
Bv Dr. J. E. Tavlor, f. l. s., r. o. s., Ac., 
Editor qf “Scienck Gossn*.” 
Thoro ia littlo doubt that synthetical chemistry 
is at present only in tho cradle. For aeventoen or 
eighteen years past tho belief has been growing 
among chemists that tho sixty or seventy “ oleiuents” 
are in reality compoundH, or dynamical modilica- 
tions of the same mattci*, whatever the latter may 
1)0. rrofesBor Austen has recently reminded us that 
the rosoarciies of certain chemists havo demonstrated 
that tho atoniic weights of tho chemical elements 
occupy definite aud niichangeablo positions in a 
geometrical figure, and that tho properties of matter 
iiiay be considered merely as mathematical functions 
of numbers. Not long ago a distinguished German 
chemist split up the metal didyniinm into two other 
oleiuents. thus proving, wliat has for some time been 
suspected, tliat some of tho heavy metals could be 
resolved into siniplor* elements, if wo had the re- 
quisite forces wherewith to break thorn up. Wela- 
bach, tlio German chemist Just referred to, as tho 
conclusive demonstration of his discovery, then re- 
united the new olonionts and restored them to their 
didymimn state. Some time ago, tho most brilliant 
of our EiiLdish philosophical chemists, Professor 
Crookes broke up tho element yttrium into a unmW of 
now Hubstancos, which ho also reunited into the 
yttrium state. Lastly, another Gorman siiecialist 
has published his conclusions, derived from spectro- 
scopic jfcsQarch, that all tho chouiical cloiuout^ can 
