166 
THE TROPIOAI. ACrtmjtJLTUmST. 
[April i, 1892. 
Malaria is absent; and all that is wanted is tbe pre' 
Bence of a sufficient labour supply. A good account 
is given oi tbe Indians who at present labour on 
estates. But they ate not sufficient even for pre- 
sent requirements. Mr. Clark, however, with his long 
tropical exparienee, sees no difficulty, in wbat many 
regard as the difficulty. Are there not Tamils and 
Chinese in multitudes ? Yes ; and the latter once 
were employed in Peru under oiroumetanoos which 
led to trouble. The two great difficulties arc con- 
nected with political peace and an adequate labour 
supply. But Mr. Clark proposes, as an initiatory 
measure, the establishment of an experimental 
garden of which he would no doubt consent to take 
charge. As we mean to publish the whole of this 
elaborate and interesting report, we need not indulge 
in further remarks about what may be regarded- 
api It from tbe merits of its matter, as a literary 
ouriosity and the certain source of an addition to 
• the quarrels of authors,” 
TIIK I’URUVIAN C0KJ’01^AT10^’, LTD. 
BVl'OBT ON THE CENTBAt. TEBBITOBY OE FEBU, BY 
P. D. O. CUAKK, COBATOK, BOYAL IIOTAMO OARDENS, 
PEHAOENIYA, CEYLON. 
66, Old Broad St., London, E.O., IDlh Ueo. 1891. 
To tbe Directors, Peruvian Corporation, Limited, 
London. 
Gentlemen,— I have now the honour to submit 
herewith my report npon the expedition into the 
interior of Pern undertaken by mo at your request. 
That a better idea may bo conveyed of the coun- 
try traversed, I have thought it advisable to acoom- 
E any this report with a map, on which ate indicated, 
y distinctive colours, the different conditions of 
climate and agriculture. 
Of the country traversed I havo treated — 
First.— That part lying between the Coast aud the 
great Andi an range of mountains. 
Second — The mountain or cold zone, inolndod in 
which ia tbe mining region. 
Third.— Tarma and the lands adjacent which may 
be included in what f term tbe temperate zone. 
Fourth.— The district lyicg between the limit of 
tbe temperate zone and Naranjal, which I term tbe 
semi'tropical zone. 
Fifth.— The Cbauchamayo Valley and its various 
industries, in what may be called the tropical zone. 
Sixth. — The land selected by the Commissioners 
appoiulod by tho Corporation, situate in the region 
of the river Perene, the bora and wild products, with 
suggestions on what appear to me to be the best 
means of development. 
Seventh.— Huanoco, tbe centre of coffee plsntations, 
Laiioiib. — S o important an item in the success of 
this undertaking aa labour has also received my careful 
attention, as well as other sub;|ects of interest to tbe 
Directors of the Corporation. 
I trust that my report, after perusal, may be con- 
sidered aa in some measure commensurate with tbe 
importance of this groat field of enterprise. 
The Irne ac rioultural wealth of Peru exists 
in its vast interior region. An extent of laud 
on the western slopes of tho Andes and adjacent 
to the coast has, however, an interest poouliarly 
its OWB on aooonnt of tbe capital employed in the 
various industries already existing. 
The country lying between the coast and the western 
chain of mo lotaioa known as tbe Cordillera de la Costa, 
ia BO ioflaenoed by the dry climate (a feature u( this 
diatriot) as to be of necussity a part of tho country 
unlike any other on tbe opposite or eastern slope of 
the mounlaioB. To aocounl satisfactorily for this state 
of matters is beyond tbe scope of this Eeputt ; but I am 
of opinion that to the Antartio current, which sweeps 
the western shores, may he attributed tho chief cause. 
Extending about 16 miles inland, as if forming 
at one time a natural sea bottom, ia a stretch of 
land atprpfCDt under cnltivation ; and to this region 
and its capabilities I shall now shortly address myself 
before treating at length on the country beyond tbe 
Andes, a district of more interest to the Corporation, 
COAST DISTBICT. 
The atmosphere is dry and bracing during the day 
time. At night heavy dews fall npon the lower 
reaches of the bills, especially during the winter 
months, which extend from June to September. To 
tho absence of enOioiont rain may bo attribnted the 
want of abundant vegetation, but what the country 
lacks in rainfall is compousatud in the adaptability 
to irrigation. 
All the available hind in the highly fertile valley 
of llie Kimac is oooupiod, the river serving as a 
Cleans of irrigation. The roil is chiefly composed of 
disintegrated rook, and is, therefore, of a light sandy 
character, bnt ia capable of producing prolific growth. 
Tho flora is of a truly dr\ country type, supported 
by the heavy dews, ainl is chiefly represented by 
Uaotacea] and straggling Solanaoeous plants with half 
paranitiral Bromehads. The unmbsr of exotic spooies 
is not large, esptoially in timber trees ; but 1 aeo 
no reason why llio Australian flora should not be 
drawn upon with advantago to the siirmiindings, such 
as the more profilahlo species of Eucalyptus and Acacia, 
tho former yielding timber and fuel of a eiiperinr 
quality and of rapid growth, the hitler, while naeful 
fnr timber and fuel, being extensively grown in similar 
climates for the useful oonimero'al properties of its 
bark lor tanning pnrposee. 
In treating, throughout my Keport, of the various 
agricultural producis, J purpose dealing with each pro- 
duct relatively to its imiiortance agriculturally. 
Sugar cauo ia uudoubtodly the chief product here. 
Tbe variety of sugar grown, while yielding a fair 
average rt turn, is not in my opinion equal to the 
varieties selected in such colonies as Mauritius aud 
Demorara, whore exhaustive experiments have been 
carried out. 
A high state of oultivation exists on the more impor- 
tant plantations around Lima, where the implements 
used are of the most raedern type, with a consequent 
saving of labour. Tho planting adopted here is that 
usually in practice in most sugar producing countries 
where irrigation ia carried out. The oaue is So plau- 
ted as to allow of a BueoessioD of cuttings being made 
throughout tho year. 
Ou inveatigatien 1 And tho average yield per acre to 
be abtint to 3 hogeheadB of refined sugar. Tho 
exports during 1889 amounted to -15,000 tons, a ready 
market for which was found in Chili and elsewhere. 
My experience in tropical sgricultiire enables mo to 
state that the plantation in this vicinity conid bo more 
economically conduoteil, especially in out-door manage- 
ment. 
Cotton gives indication of being a promising pro- 
duct wherever it is grown within easy reach of 
transport. Tho climate is emineutly suited to all tbe 
varieties, while the plautatious ate remarkably free 
of all in.soct pests so common to this plant in other 
countries. 
Tbe descriptions cultivated are chiefly tbe New Or- 
leans and Peruvian varieties, while the Tinnovelly 
and other less valuable sorts are also represented, 
tbe two first-mention od yielding a euttou of superior 
staple and excellent quality. The plant seems to 
crop well, but no definite information could be ob- 
tained of the yield per acre. 1 was assured by most 
ot tbe principal growers that, were several cleaning 
mills erected in central situations, the cultivation of 
this plant would be largely extended. 
Maize is more generally grown in small patches 
around bouses than in the form of large plantations. 
This important grain enters largely inlo the food sup- 
ply of the people throughout Peru. Tbe varieties are 
numerous and their productiveness is unequalled. 
Attention is paid to vine cultivation by a few Italians 
in the vicinity of Lima, who assured roo that it w** 
a remunerative industry. This might, in my opinion> 
bo largely extended by practical vine growers. The 
Climate, along with irrigation, ia certainly suited to 
tho production o( a high- class grape. 
